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War’s End

War’s End. President Nixon institutes his Vietnamization policy, and America's longest war finally comes to an end. (Corresponds to 22.5). Pullout Begins. Nixon finds negotiations not progressing NSA Henry Kissinger works on new plan Vietnamization ARVN takes over. "Peace with Honor".

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War’s End

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  1. War’s End President Nixon institutes his Vietnamization policy, and America's longest war finally comes to an end. (Corresponds to 22.5)

  2. Pullout Begins • Nixon finds negotiations not progressing • NSA Henry Kissinger works on new plan • Vietnamization • ARVN takes over

  3. "Peace with Honor" • Nixon calls for "peace with honor” • Attempt to maintain dignity • Orders bombing of: • North Vietnam • Vietcong hideouts in • Laos • Cambodia

  4. Mainstream America • Silent majority: • Moderate, mainstream people supporting war

  5. My Lai Massacre • Platoon kills civilians in My Lai village • Lt. William Calley in command • Convicted

  6. Invasion of Cambodia • 1970 • US invades Cambodia • Clear out enemy supply centers • 1.5 million college students protest • Close 1,200 campuses • Invasion results in repeal of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution

  7. Pentagon Papers • Pentagon Papers show plans to enter war under LBJ • Confirms that government not honest about intentions

  8. Peace at Hand • 1971 – 60% think US should withdraw • 1972 – N. Vietnamese attack • US bombs cities • Mines Haiphong harbor • Kissinger agrees to complete withdrawal • “Peace is at hand” declared by Nixon

  9. Final Push • South Vietnam rejects Kissinger plan • Talks break off • Bombings resume • Congress calls for end to war • Peace treaty signed January 1973

  10. Fall of Saigon • Cease-fire breaks down • North invades • South surrenders 1975 • http://www.cbsnews.com/htdocs/saigon/framesource.html • http://www.usatoday.com/news/graphics/fallsaigon30/flash.htm

  11. Coping at Home • 58,000 Americans killed • Over 2 million Vietnamese killed • Veterans face indifference; hostility • 15% develop post-traumatic stress disorder

  12. Turmoil in Southeast Asia • Communists put 400,000 South Vietnamese in labor camps • 1.5 million flee • Civil war in Cambodia • Khmer Rouge seize power • Want to establish peasant society • Kill at over 1 million people • Pol Pot

  13. Legacy of Vietnam • Government abolishes draft • 1973 – War Powers Act: • President must inform Congress within 48 hours of deploying troops • 90 day maximum deployment without Congressional approval • War contributes to public cynicism about government, political leaders

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