1 / 43

Social Anxiety Disorder (S.A.D)

Social Anxiety Disorder (S.A.D). By Dr. Ibtihal Mohamed Aly Ass. Lecturer Psychiatry Department. Definition:.

abram
Download Presentation

Social Anxiety Disorder (S.A.D)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Social Anxiety Disorder (S.A.D) By Dr. Ibtihal Mohamed Aly Ass. Lecturer Psychiatry Department

  2. Definition: The fundamental feature of social anxiety disorder is the marked and persistent fear of social or performance situationsin the presence of unfamiliar people or when scrutiny by others is possible, even in the context of small groups. Exposure to such social and performance situations almost invariably provokes an immediate anxietyresponse or avoidance behavior. Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  3. Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  4. The most frequent social trigger situations are Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  5. Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  6. Social Anxiety or Shyness • Shyness is a term used to describe the feeling of apprehension, lack of comfort, or awkwardness experienced when a person is in proximity to, especially in new situations or with unfamiliar people. • Shyness may come from genetic traits, the environment in which a person is raised and personal experiences. There are many degrees of shyness. Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  7. Social Anxiety or Shyness Social anxiety disorder has been portrayed as the extreme of shyness. Shyness is more likely to be a lifelong characteristic of an individual’s temperament, whereas social anxiety disorder is characterized by a group of coexisting symptoms that might be independent of shyness. Evidence to support the distinction between shyness and social anxiety disorder comes from developmental studies. Shy children who were followed over several years from the first school years through to early adolescence were not at an increased risk for developing social anxiety disorder. Shyness is usually present in all social situations while social anxiety may be triggered by very specific situations. Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  8. Epidemiology: Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  9. DSM-IV Diagnostic Criteria: Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  10. Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  11. Clinical Picture Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  12. Symptoms Cognitive Physiological Behavioral Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  13. Cognitive symptoms: Before Event After Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  14. Behavioral symptoms: Major avoidance behaviors Minor avoidance behaviors Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  15. Physiological symptoms: children with social anxiety may display tantrums, weeping, clinging to parents Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  16. Etiology Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  17. Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  18. Genetic and family factors: • It has been shown that there is a 2-3 folds greater risk of having social phobia if a first-degree relative also has the disorder. • This could be due to genetics and/or due to children acquiring social fears and avoidance through processes of observational learning. • Studies of identical twins brought up (via adoption) in different families have indicated that, if one twin developed social anxiety disorder, then the other was between 30 – 50%more likely than average to also develop the disorder. Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  19. Neural mechanisms: Oxytocin, Vasopressin, CRFand Cortisol Serotonin Norepinephrineand Glutamate. GABA Sociability is closely tied to dopamineneurotransmission Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  20. Neuroanatomical: • related to fear cognition and emotional learning. • hypersensitive amygdala. involved in the experience of physical pain, also appears to be involved in the experience of 'social pain' Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  21. Cognitive Context: • Research has indicated the role of 'core' or 'unconditional' negative beliefs (e.g. I am inept) and 'conditional' beliefs nearer to the surface (e.g. If I show myself, I will be rejected). They are thought to develop based on personality and adverse experiences and to be activated when the person feels under threat. Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  22. Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  23. Evolutionary context: Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  24. Social experiences: Specific humiliating social event Person with increased interpersonal sensitivity Specific social phobia longer-term effects of not fitting in observing or hearing or verbal warning Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  25. Social/cultural influences: • Society's attitude towards shyness and avoidance, affects the ability to form relationships or access employment or education. • In China, research has indicated that shy-inhibited children are more accepted than their peers and more likely to be considered for leadership and considered competent, in contrast to the findings in Western countries. • lower rates of social anxiety disorder in Mediterranean countries and higher rates in Scandinavian countries, and it has been hypothesized that hot weather and high density may reduce avoidance and increase interpersonal contact. Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  26. Co-morbidity Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  27. Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  28. A V R four or more O E Avoidant personality disorder is in many ways equivalent to pathologic shyness Avoidant Personality Disorder I D Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  29. Treatment Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  30. Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  31. Pharmacotherapy Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  32. Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  33. Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  34. Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  35. psychotherapy Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  36. Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  37. Exposure: Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  38. Applied relaxation: Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) is a well-known technique for the management of the physiological arousal that often accompanies anxiety. PMR alone is generally accepted as insufficient as a treatment for social anxiety disorder, and we know of no evidence that counters this consensus. Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  39. Social skills training: NB: people with social anxiety disorder may possess adequate social skills Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  40. Cognitive restructuring: In cognitive restructuring, individuals are taught to: Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  41. Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy: 12 weeks 6 patients rationale 1&2 sessions 2.5 hours instructions Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  42. Predictors of treatment response to CBT: • Expectancy for improvement. • Homework compliance. • Subtype of social anxiety disorder and avoidant personality disorder. • Axis I comorbidity. • Anger. Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

  43. Thank You Ibtihal M.A. Ibrahim

More Related