语音教学及小学英语的兴趣培养广州市海珠区教育发展中心朱秀妍 kitty655@tom

语音教学及小学英语的兴趣培养 广州市海珠区教育发展中心朱秀妍 kitty655@tom.com

一、语音教学 二、游戏教学三、英语小诗、童谣教学四、英语歌曲教学

一、语音教学 语音是语言的物质外壳，是掌握语言知识和获得语言技能的基础，语音教学是小学英语教学中最重要的一个内容，它始终贯穿于整个英语课堂教学之中。英语教师语音的准确程度将会影响着学生的整个英语学习水平。所以，教师有效的指导和示范，让学生通过观察教师示范的口型，听教师的示范发音，来感知英语的语音、语调，为学生在语音的表达上提供模仿的榜样，使学生养成良好的发音习惯。

国际音标表

（一）常见的错误 1．用汉语的发音方式来处理英语音素的发音 e.g. [a:] [i:] [r] [m] [w]

2．读音的混淆 • 元音： e.g. plane/plan, name work/walk, worker / walker bus pan/pen, bad/bed, cat, bag sheep/ship, seat/sit, jeep

辅音： e.g. sure thank/sank, thirteen sun/sung, ton/tongue need/lead, night/light, not/lot that, then, father usually write/white juice

辅音连缀: e.g. friend please

忽略尾音: e.g. ball help dog man map mad cap cat cab

尾音太重: 在一些辅音后常常加上一个元音或增加了一个音节等等。

3．忽略连读 4. 忽略失去爆破 5. 重单词重音，轻句子重音

重音连读失去爆破节奏语调（二）句子朗读的几个要素：

单词重音 句子重音 1. 重音

单词重音 在多音节或双音节词中，有一个读得特别响亮的音节，叫做重读音节。除了一些复合词外，一般说来，每个单词只有一个重读音节，重读音节用重音符号" ' "来表示。

单音节词不标重音符号，但必须重读 • 双音节词 • 一般在第一个音节重读 'letter, 'sorry • 有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, • con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前 • 缀的词，第二个音节是重音

e.g. a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss, im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim, trans'late

有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和 • 词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其 • 它的词性在第二个音节上。 e.g. 名词 : 'record, 'present, 'survey 动词 : re'cord; pre'sent; 'survey

有些双音节词、复合词有两个重音 e.g. 'Chi'nese， 'fif'teen, 'out'side, 'well-'known,

多音节词 • 一般倒数第三个音节是重音 e.g. 'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity, de'mocracy

有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节， • 但这些词按原来词根的重音读音 'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, es'tablishment,

句子重读 • Noun • Verb • Adjective • Adverb 在句子中重读音节间隔大致相等；重读的词发音响亮、清晰；

e.g. I 'want to 'study. 'How do you 'do? 'Come 'in, please! He is a 'fine 'young 'man. There is 'nothing we can 'do now. I am 'so 'glad to 'see you 'again.

弱读 • 冠词 • 连词 • 介词 • 感叹词 • 助动词 • 人称代词弱读的词发音轻快 e.g. her, from, to, them, an

要特别强调或突出某个虚词、be e.g. I 'didn’t 'know 'youwere'leaving. He said he 'might be 'able to 'come. 'Yes, I 'am'sorry for what I’ve 'done. I 'saw with my 'own 'eyes that the 'key was 'in the 'box.

在句首的介词可以重读 e.g. 'On the 'day of his ar'rival his 'father 'died.

疑问代词以及在句中作主语或宾语的指示代词和不定代词要重读疑问代词以及在句中作主语或宾语的指示代词和不定代词要重读 e.g. 'Who'came to 'see me this 'morning? 'What can I 'do for you? This is 'all I can 'tell you.

在句末的动词be和助动词要重读 e.g. Do you 'live in 'town? 'Yes, I 'do. 'Where can he 'be? I 'wonder where he 'is.

动词be和助动词在句首可重读也可不重读，不重读时较自然动词be和助动词在句首可重读也可不重读，不重读时较自然 e.g. Have you 'finished 'writing the 'letter 'yet? Can you 'come in the after'noon? Is she any 'better to'day?

某些形容词、副词或动词可以不重读 e.g. Good'morning! 'What a 'pretty little 'thing! 'Come 'in, please! 'Here he 'is, right'here!

是指一个音受了另外一个邻音的影响或因发音时舌位的影响而发生同化而发成了这两个音之外的第三个音。是指一个音受了另外一个邻音的影响或因发音时舌位的影响而发生同化而发成了这两个音之外的第三个音。音的同化

e.g. I'm glad to meet you. Does she like it? Please show me the way. Of course she does. Did you see him? I haven't seen him these years.

2. 连读 e.g. Take a look at it. • 辅音 + 元音要连读 • 末尾有字母r的词，在短语或句子中和以元音开始 • 的词相邻时，r要读出音来，并和后面的元音连读。 e.g. There is a pair of shoes. • 在意群有停顿时，不连读 e.g. Shall we meet at eight tonight / or ten o'clock tomorrow?

3. 失去爆破 当一个爆破音跟另一个爆破音相遇时往往失去爆破，这主要是因为两个辅音之间的间隔太小，这种现象在语音学上称为“失去爆破”或“特殊爆破”。说话时，前一个单词的爆破音只保持发音部位，稍作停顿，向下一个单词起音的辅音过渡。

e.g. a bi(g) cake, tha(t) boy, shar(p) pencil, sui(t)case, wha(t) time, blac(k)board, han(d)bag, goo(d) jobs, a(t) last, goo(d) luck ; Goo(d) morning. I don'(t) know. As(k) Bo(b) to si(t) behin(d) me. He mustn'(t) do it. She too(k) goo(d) care o(f) the children.

4.节奏 在句子中每个重读音节间相隔的时间大致相等，在重读音节之间的弱读音节要读得较快一些，好像是音乐中的打拍子一样。在学习句子的读法时，特别要体会一轻一重或一重一轻的节奏感。

英语的节奏： （轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻)-（轻）-重 e.g. Good 'morning, Miss 'Wang. Can I 'go to the 'toilet? My 'name is 'Janet. I'm 'going to 'shop to 'buy some 'eggs.

A, B, C, D A and B and C and D An A and a B and a C and a D An A and then a B and then a C and then a D

5. 语调 • 降调：通常用于陈述句、特殊疑问句、 • 祈使句（表示命令）、惊叹句。 e.g. I shall call you tomorrow morning↘. What time can I see you↘? Please sit down↘. What a beautiful girl↘!

升调：升调通常用于一般疑问句 e.g. Is he coming tomorrow morning↗? Do you have a new bag↗?

语调群：每一个短语、从句或句子为一个语调群。语调群：每一个短语、从句或句子为一个语调群。 • 一个句子可能包含有几个语调群。 • 选择疑问句：Do you prefer tea↗or coffee↘? • 以状语或状语从句开始的句子： • At ten o'clock in the morning↗the contest began↘. • 计数或点东西：One↗, two↗, three↗, and four↘.

反意疑问句：You went to the concert yesterday↘, • didn't you↗? • 前面是陈述句，后面有一表示不肯定或疑虑的附 • 加语。It's going to rain↘, I'm afraid↗.

(三)任务 1. Pair Work: Your partner will read aloud some words. Listen to him/her carefully. Circle the words you hear. • A B • allow aloud • cap cab • 3. sleep steep • 4. Kay clay

(三)任务 Now, it is your turn to read. Choose one word to read to your partner. Remember to read the words carefully. • A B • word work • hold hole • 3. dream gym • plain pain

Butter and sugar and eggs and flour, Beat them again for half an hour, Bake the cake for an hour or more, But you never must open the oven door. 2. 请你运用刚才所学的语音知识朗读下面的小诗:

要朗读好这首小诗, 意味着我们应该掌握: • 单词重音：'butter, 'sugar, a'gain, • 'never, 'open, 'oven

Butter an(d) sugar an(d) eggs an(d) flour, Bea(t) them again for half an hour, Ba(k)e the ca(k)e for an hour or more, But you never must open the oven door. • 失去爆破技巧：

Butter and sugar and eggs and flour, Beat them again for half an hour, Bake the cake for an hour or more, But you never must open the oven door. • 连读的技巧：

'Butter and 'sugar and 'eggs and 'flour, 'Beat them a'gain for 'half an 'hour, 'Bake the 'cake for an 'hour or 'more, But you 'never must 'open the 'oven 'door. • 句子重音：

弱读： and [ə], them [ə],for [ə],an [ə], but [ə],must [ə],or [ɔ],

O o o O o o O o O O o o O o O o O O o O o o O o O o o O o o O o o O o O • 节奏：

语音教学及小学英语的兴趣培养 广州市海珠区教育发展中心 朱秀妍 kitty655@tom