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Group Dynamics

Group Dynamics. Lecture #13. Social Psychology. One of the roots of OB. Social Inhibition. The presence of an audience leads to a decrease in performance Speech class? “Watch me, Mommy!”. Social Facilitation. The presence of an audience leads to an increase in performance

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Group Dynamics

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  1. Group Dynamics • Lecture #13

  2. Social Psychology • One of the roots of OB

  3. Social Inhibition • The presence of an audience leads to a decrease in performance • Speech class? • “Watch me, Mommy!”

  4. Social Facilitation • The presence of an audience leads to an increase in performance • Michael Jordan in a packed stadium

  5. Presence of an Audience • Why does it lead to an increase in performance in some cases, and a decrease in performance in others?

  6. Inhibition = Facilitation? • Both social inhibition and social facilitation are the same phenomenon • The presence of an audience increases the performer’s dominant response

  7. Dominant Responses • For a newly learned, but not yet mastered task, the dominant response is to fail.

  8. Dominant Response • For a well learned task, the dominant response is to perform well.

  9. Importance of “Audience” • The mere presence of others can affect our performance

  10. Pop Quiz! A B

  11. Asch’s Study • Control group: Everyone identified B as the longer line

  12. Asch’s Study • Control group: Everyone identified B as the longer line • Experimental group: Contained stooges!

  13. Cohesiveness • Stick-togetherness • Tight knit group

  14. Why Do People Join Groups? • What makes groups attractive to people?

  15. Social Elements • Group members’ attractiveness

  16. Social Elements • Activities of Groups

  17. Why Do People Join Groups? • Goals or Means to Goals • Young Republicans • United Way

  18. Conditions Influencing COH • Degree of dependency on group • Size of group • Stability of group • Competition

  19. Degree of Dependency on Group • More dependent on group for taking care of needs, more cohesiveness • More needs taken care of by group, more cohesiveness

  20. Size of Group • Everything else being equal, the smaller the group, the more cohesiveness

  21. Stability of Group • Everything else being equal, the greater the stability of the group, the more cohesiveness • Membership • Roles

  22. Competition • INTRA-group competition Competition within a group • INTER-group competition Competition between groups

  23. Intra-group Competition Intra-group competition decreases cohesiveness “Every man for himself”

  24. Inter-Group Competition • Inter-group competition increases cohesiveness • “Us against them”

  25. Effects of Cohesiveness • Absenteeism and Turnover • Internal Group Events • Performance

  26. Absenteeism and Turnover • Greater cohesiveness leads to less absenteeism and turnover

  27. Internal Group Events • Greater cohesiveness leads to group members being better able to resist outside pressure • Dirty Dozen • Substitute Teachers

  28. Performance • Increase performance? • Decrease performance? • Neither!

  29. Performance • Cohesiveness affects relative performance, not absolute performance.

  30. Performance • Greater cohesiveness leads to group members tending to produce at similar levels.

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