英语奥林匹克 - 小学低年级

1. 英语奥林匹克-小学低年级 林岩 @版权所有未经允许不得用于商业用途

3. 竞赛内容提要 • 一、基本常识 • 英语语言的不同历史阶段、使用范围、作用等。 • 二、字母 • 1.概述 2.字母的读音 3.字母的书写 • 4.大写字母的基本用法 5. 常见缩略词

4. 竞赛内容提要 • 三、语音 • 1.音标和音素 2.元音和辅音 3.音节 • 4.重音 5.语调 6.几个容易混淆的元音 • 7.容易混淆的辅音 8. 常见的字母组合读音规则 • 四、词汇 • 1.常用词归类 • 2.易混词辨析 • 3.难词讲解 • 4.同义词和反义词辨析 • 5.词的缩写形式

5. 竞赛内容提要 • 五、语法 • 1.词法：名词，冠词，代词，数词，形容词和副词，介词，动词 • 2.句法：句子的分类，句子的特征 • 六、功能意念和话题 • 1.问候 2.介绍 3.时间表达 4.感谢 5.道歉 • 6.请求允许 7. 祝愿和祝贺 8. 提供帮助 9.打电话 10. 购物 11.同意和不同意 12.谈论天气 13.喜好和厌恶 14. 表扬和鼓励 15. 颜色 16.告别

6. 英语基本常识 • 三个历史时期 • 古英语（Old English）公元450年-1150年 • 中古英语（Middle English)公元1150年-1500年 • 现代英语（Modern English)公元1500年至今 • 词汇的国际性是它的明显有点之一。 • 外来语：仅半数来自拉丁语、法语、意大利语、西班牙语等罗曼族的词汇。

7. 英语基本常识 • 世界上的语言约有5651种。讲汉语的人数居首，但讲英语的人在世界上分布最广，英语是世界性语言。讲英语人数约达10亿。以其为母语4亿，差不多每五人就有一人讲英语。 • 使用方式 • 1.母语：英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、爱尔兰共和国等 • 2.第二语言：中国香港、新加坡、印度、巴基斯坦等 • 3.外语：日本、泰国、巴西、瑞典等

8. 英语基本常识 • 一半以上的报刊、科技刊物是英文版的。用外文书写的信件电传等四分之三都是英文。英语广播电台占五分之三。 • 计算机储存的信息约有80%以英语为媒介。 • 航空公司 • 国际体育赛事官方语言 • 联合国官方工作语言 • 国际会议-第一通用语言

9. 字母 • 拼音文字 • 26个字母，5个元音：a,e,i,o,u;辅音20个：b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,x,z;半元音字母有一个：y • 使用最多的是e,最少的是z.词首用的最多的是s,最少的是x. • 元音字母是构成单词的要素，个别元音字母甚至单独成词。辅音这不能，除了一些缩略词，拟声词，感叹词等。Mr. Mmm, hm • 字母书写一般向右倾斜五度。 • 印刷体和书写体 • 大写和小写

10. 大写字母 • 句首第一个字母 • 加引号句子，其开头字母也大写 • 人名 • 绰号 • 姓氏职务 • 父母亲人 • 地名国名 • 专有名词 • 民族语言 • 班级门牌 • 星期月份 • 各种节日 • 固定形式：I

11. 缩略词 (ACRONYM) • Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat. • Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. • PRC UN USA UK NBA WTO SAR CAAC OPEC IOC(国际奥委会） CLS（独联体） EU • BBC CCTV CD CAD(计算机辅助设计） IT MTV IDD DJ EMS BBS VCD VOA • A.M. a.m. P.M. p.m. AD BC • Km m cm mm kg g • ABC VIP OK ID SARS WC KFC IQ

12. 语音 • 音素是语音最小的单位，具有区别意义的作用。英语语音共有48个音素，其中元音20个，辅音28个。 • 音标就是词的语音形式，是用来标记每一个单词或字母的读音的书面符号。 • 国际音标符号要放在方括号里，或者两条斜线内。

13. 几个容易混淆的元音和辅音 • [e] [æ]:bed, bad, lend, land, men, man, pen, pan • [i:] [ei]:greet, great, real, rail, mean, main, read, raid • [e] [ai]: bet, bite, red, write, head, hide, said, side • [au] [ɔ:]: cloud, clause, house, horse, loud, lord, south, sauce, now, nor, count, corn • [au] [ʌ]: down, done, found, fond, gown, gone • [v] [w]: vet, wet, vest, west, vine, wine, very, well • [s] [θ]: sink, think, sort, thought, miss, myth, mass, maths • [z] [ð]: closing, clothing, breeze, breathe, bays, bathes • [n] [ŋ]: thin, thing, sin, sing, ban, bang, win, wing, ran, rang

14. 词汇-易混词（句）辨析 • a (an), one； • No, not； • Some, any； • Much, many； • Too, either； • In, on, at • There be, have • And, but

15. 词汇-易混词（句）辨析 • Look, see, watch, read • Ride, take, by, on • On, over, above • Speak, tell, talk, say • Cook, make

16. 难点 • Have lunch • Have a look • Have some chicken. • Have a cup of tea. • Have a swim • Have a meeting • Have classes • Have a good time • Have a wash • Have a rest • Have a headache • Have to do sth

17. 多义词 • You are right. • Raise your right hand. • What color is it? • Color the kite.

18. 同义词和反义词 • Good evening • Good night

19. Map-maps Bus-buses Box-boxes Watch-watches Baby-babies Family-families Knife- knives Tomato-tomatoes Photo-photos Foot-feet Man-men Woman-women Child-children Tooth-teeth Ox-oxen sheep-sheep Deer-deer Fish-fish Chinese-Chinese 语法-可数名词

20. A glass of milk/juice A bowl of rice A piece of news/paper/bread A bar of chocolate Fish- fishes Fruit-fruits Tea-teas Ronny caught three huge fish. Over 1,500 different species of fish inhabit the waters around the reef. I felt like a fish out of water in my new school. 不可数名词

21. Ann’s pen The girls’ dormitory(寝室） The Children’s Day An hour and half’s talk Mary’s and Bob’s book Mary and Bob’s book(两者共有的书） Ross’s book The trunk of an elephant = an elephant’s trunk The arrival of the minister =the minister’s arrival 名词所有格

22. He is a teacher. An elephant is bigger than a lion. He bought a bike. It has a mouth, a nose and two eys I go to the park once a week. Have a trip Have a headache Have a rest Show me the crayon. Where’s the dog? This is a black dog. The dog is his. The moon is big and round. I am the first. Who is the tallest? The Changjiang River The Great Wall The United Kingdom The Greens are having lunch. The poor, the blind, the young Play the piano In the morning, in the end 冠词

23. This is my hat. 在节日、假日、星期、月份、季节、一日三餐、球类、学科等词前： Teachers’ Day It is Sunday today. Miss Brown Doctor White is coming. We love animals. Go to school At home By bike In hospital Play basketball. 不用冠词

24. I, me, we, us, my, mine, our, ours, myself, ourselves. You, you, you, you, your, your, your, yours, yourself, yourselves. He, him, they, them, his, his, their, theirs, himself, themselves. She, her, they, them, her, hers, their, theirs, herself, themselves. It, it, they, them, its, its, their, theirs, itself, themselves. This, that, these, those. Who, whom, whose, what, which. Some, any, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, every, all 代词

25. 句中位置： A tall black girl. A rainy, windy, freezing day. The town’s charming old English Church. A well-known German medical school My new pants A beautiful girl. I have something special for you. Have you read anything interesting lately? I’d like something cheaper. 比较级和最高级 Tall, taller, tallest Large, larger, largest Easy, easier, easiest Big, bigger, biggest Beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful 形容词

26. Well, fast, slowly, carefully, hard, quickly Very, much, hardly, quite, still Here, there, home, in, out, above, inside Now, already, then, soon, today Never, always, usually, often, once, seldom, sometimes Also, either, too, only, perhaps 比较级和最高级 Slowly, more slowly, most slowly Exception: early, earlier, earliest Well, better, best Much, more, most Badly, worse, worst Little, less, least 副词

27. I play with my mother. I write with my pencil. It’s time for school. It’s for you. The book is about girds. The shirt is about 30 bucks. This is a map of China. At ten o’clock At home At school At work In the room On the platform In a week/month/spring/year The girl in red 介词

28. Before lunch. From Monday to Friday Five past seven The shop is between a hairdresser’s and a bakery. in the end In the sky In the middle of Next to By the way In the sun At last I’ll go home in two days. Write in English On New year’s Day On the chair In a taxi On bus On board Come and sit by me The bowl is broken by me. I go to the park in the afternoon. 介词

29. Play with Get up Get on Get off Listen to Turn on Look at Watch TV Put on/ take off Fall off Come in Come on Go on Go to school Go home Go to bed Go straight on turn left/ right Take pictures/ photos 动词

30. I have a book. We are girls. I don’t have a book. We aren’t girls. Are you ten? How old are you? Quiet! Don’t move. What a nice girl! How busy you are! The students are in the library. Is this a toy ship? (否定回答） 句法

31. Greetings: Hello!/ Hi! Good morning/ afternoon… How are you? Introduction: This is … He is… … Gratitude: Thank you!/ Thanks!/ Thank you very much!/ Thanks a lot./ Many thanks. My pleasure. You are welcome. 功能意念和话题

32. Congratulations: Have a good day/time! Good luck. Enjoy yourself. Best wishes to you. Merry Christmas. Happy New year。 Happy holidays. Congratulations！ Phone call: Hello! May I speak to… Is that… speaking? Hello! This is … speaking. Shopping: Can/ may I help you? What can I do for you? How much…? It is too expensive.

33. Like or dislike: I like (love)… I don’t like… I hate… Praise: Very good! Well done! Wonderful! Excellent! Way to go! Colors: What color is it? It is green…. Goodbye: Goodbye! Bye-bye! Bye! See you later! See you next time! See you! Good night! Good luck! Have a good dream!

34. Time: What’s the time, please?/What time is it? What’s the time on/by your watch? It’s ten to six. It is five past nine. Apology: Sorry!/I am sorry. Excuse me. I really apologize for that. I’ m sorry to hear that. Asking for permission: May I…? Can you … with me? Will/ Would you …?

35. Help: Can/may I help you? What can I do for you? What would you like? Yes, please! No, thanks. Thank you very much. Thank you so much. Thanks. Agree or disagree: Sure./ Of course. All right. No way. I don’t think so. Weather: It is sunny/ windy/ snowy. Nice day, isn’t it? Yes, it is.

36. 1. What’s the date today? 2. How do you do? 3. Where’s the shop, please? 4. Nice day, isn’t it? 5. May I speak to Amy? A. Yes, it is. B. Yes, this is Amy speaking. C. It’s May 1st. D. It’s next to the school. E. How do you do? 练习-match the dialogue

37. 作文