The Rock Cycle

1. The Rock Cycle

2. Rock CycleIdentify the agents of change…

3. Rock cycle processes

4. Litho- prefix meaning stone or rock

5. Igneous rocks • From fire… • Intrusive ; formed inside Earth • Extrusive; formed outside Earth (surface) • Mafic or felsic • Magnesium and aluminum rich or quartz rich…

6. Igneous RockMafic & Extrusive

7. Igneous Rock, Basalt Columns

8. Sedimentary rock • Formed from weathered and eroded rock particles • Could not be the original rocks • WHY or why not?

9. Layers in Sedimentary RockHow does it form?

10. Grand Canyon • If Grand Canyon consists of layers of millions of years of sedimentary rock, how did it form? • When did the layers form? • When did the weathering and erosion take place? • Were the rocks or the canyon, original rocks on Earth? Why or why not?

11. Is this the first rock on Earth?

12. Sandstone

13. Desert Geysers eject many minerals, heat and water

14. Metamorphic Rock • Formed from heat and pressure • Formed from tectonic pressures • Re-crystallization • Banding • Distortion

15. Word meaning? • Meta means change, transformation • Morphic means referring to the form or structure of an object

16. How does metamorphic rock form?

17. Igneous rock that has weathered and eroded over time • Note the globs of volcanic rock that solidified • Dark colors due to elements such as magnesium, aluminum, (iron maybe)

18. Volcanic rock weathered by water and wind.

19. Iron deposits

20. Sedimentary rock • Sandstone; made from particles of other rock, finely weathered and compacted; • Glued with calcite mineral • On sea floor • Seas contain abundance of calcite • Shelled organisms are made of calcite

21. Extrusive Igneous Rock Basalt Columns

22. Basalt hexagonal shapes • Devil’s Tower; national monument in Wyoming Basalt is extrusive mafic igneous rock Contains abudance of magnesium

23. sandstone

24. granite

25. Granite • The most common intrusive felsic igneous rock on Earth • Most common rock of continental crust • Mostly quartz, horneblende and feldspar

27. Chalk is a type of limestone • Formed on seafloor • Limestone metamorphosed becomes marble Where would we find marble? Why?

28. Weathered by wind and water

29. Rock type? Why?

30. The Giant’s CausewayIreland

31. Stone Mountain, GAA natural plutonintrusive igneous rock

32. Ancient volcanic necks

33. Beautiful sandstone landscapes • Iron oxidized is iron oxide • Fe2 O3(rust) • Hence the coloring

34. The Palisades in Northern New Jersey • Overlooking the Hudson River • Diabase; extrusive igneous (mafic) • Similar to basalt • This region was once overrun by volcanic fields • Prior to the volcanic action, rock was subjected to tectonic, subduction forces • What type of rock lies below the Palisades?

35. The Palisades in NJ overlooking the Hudson River

36. Metamorphic folds- bands

37. Classic metamorphic rock • Re-crystallization of minerals due to heat • Pressure distorts • Bands of minerals evident • Pressure creates friction that aids in heat production • Deep in Earth

38. Rock Type?

40. Clastic rock Rock type? Name for ‘glue’?

41. Giant’s Causeway, Ireland Basaltic Hexagonal Columns

42. Why aren’t fossils found in metamorphic or igneous rock?

44. Striations of layered sandstone

45. Sedimentation forms layers • What forms the shape of this rock? • Where is the oldest rock in this rock? • The youngest rock? • WHY?

46. Volcanic – Igneous Large or small crystals?

48. Desert Geysers in the black rock canyon of Nevada • Note the colors of nature • Orangy red due to oxidized iron • Yellow- sulfur • Green is mold/algae • Water and Hydrogen sulfide and Carbon dioxide – gases released

49. Minerals from Earth interior may combine to form rock

50. Green Italian Marble - Metamorphic