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Reforms of The Antebellum Period

Reforms of The Antebellum Period. The Second Great Awakening. - The 2 nd great awakening refers to a time period in the 1830's-50's where many people felt that America had lost its way and had rejected God. - In response there were many religious revivals that had 2 purposes

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Reforms of The Antebellum Period

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  1. Reforms of The Antebellum Period

  2. The Second Great Awakening - The 2nd great awakening refers to a time period in the 1830's-50's where many people felt that America had lost its way and had rejected God. - In response there were many religious revivals that had 2 purposes - These purposes were opposed to each other and they were 1. To oppose Women's suffrage and keep the idea of the traditional family and religion being the center of people's lives 2. To promote reforms that will help society become more equal and more like heaven on earth

  3. The Second Great Awakening “Spiritual Reform From Within”[Religious Revivalism] Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality Education Temperance Abolitionism Asylum &Penal Reform Women’s Rights

  4. The “Burned-Over” Districtin Upstate New York

  5. Second Great AwakeningRevival Meeting

  6. Republican Motherhood • The idea that an American woman was a mother to all Americans • It was her job to raise a good, moral, democracy loving child • Women were seen as vital to the Republic

  7. “Separate Spheres” Concept “Cult of Domesticity” • A woman’s “sphere” was in the home (it was arefuge from the cruel world outside). • Her role was to “civilize” her husband andfamily. • An 1830s MA minister: The power of woman is her dependence. A woman who gives up that dependence on man to become a reformer yields the power God has given her for her protection, and her character becomes unnatural!

  8. What It Would Be Like If Ladies Had Their Own Way! R2-8

  9. Women’s Rights • Women of the time period had few rights, they could not vote, or hold political office • There were many women and some men who tried to get female suffrage or the right to vote • Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a Suffragist • She and Lucretia Mott held the Seneca Falls Convention in order to discuss women getting the right to vote • The Convention wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, which called for equal rights between men and women

  10. Mental + Prison Reform • In the 1840’s poor insane people lived in terrible conditions often being chained in pens to be supervised and whipped if they misbehaved • Dorthea Dix moved forward the idea of Mental Asylums • She also put forth the idea of Rehabilitation which would change or “reform” prisoners so they can re-enter society

  11. Dorothea Dix Asylum - 1849

  12. Education Reform • In the 1840’s in order to get a higher education than 8th grade you needed money. • Horace Mann pushed forward the idea of free education through twelfth grade • He will eventually succeed in universal education

  13. Temperance • There will be some who wish to restrict the sales and drinking of alcohol • This idea is known as Temperance • Temperance Societies will be made mostly of women who believe alcohol ruins society

  14. Temperance Movement 1826 - American Temperance Society“Demon Rum”! Frances Willard The Beecher Family R1-6

  15. Abolitionists • They believed in slaves being set free • Many abolitionists were also women’s rights activists such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton • The abolitionist movement was the largest movement of its time, and also the most divisive • People of the south saw it as a threat to their way of live, while the abolitionists saw slavery as a sin.

  16. William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879) • Immediate emancipation with NO compensation. • William Lloyd Garrison founded the Liberator an abolitionist newspaper R2-4

  17. Frederick Douglass • Frederick Douglass was a free black and a leader of the abolitionist movement • Very good speaker, leader, and eventual friend of Abraham Lincoln

  18. Harriet Tubman(1820-1913) • Helped over 300 slaves to freedom. • $40,000 bounty on her head. • A main “conductor” of the “underground railroad”. “Moses”

  19. Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground Railroad

  20. Transcendentalism • “Transcend” the limits of intellect and allow the emotions, the SOUL, to create an original relationship with the Universe. • There are moral truths that must be understood, do not trust what you are told

  21. Harriet Tubman(1820-1913) • Helped over 300 slaves to freedom. • $40,000 bounty on her head. • A main “conductor” of the “underground railroad”. “Moses”

  22. Transcendentalist Thinking • Man must acknowledge a body of moral truths that were intuitive and must TRANSCEND what organizations tell you: • The infinite benevolence of God. • The infinite benevolence of nature. • The divinity of man. • They instinctively rejected all secular authority and the authority of organized churches and the Scriptures, of law, or of conventions

  23. Transcendentalist Intellectuals/WritersConcord, MA Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau Resistance to Civil Disobedience(1849) Walden(1854) Nature(1832) R3-1/3/4/5

  24. Utopian Communities • Some in the 1840’s attempted Utopian Communities • Attempting communal living Brook Farm, Oneida, and New Harmony were created • All will fail, often because of the idea of plural marriage

  25. The Mormons(The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints) • 1823  Golden Tablets • 1830 Book of Mormon • 1844  Murdered in Carthage, IL Joseph Smith(1805-1844)

  26. Mormon Journey from New York to Salt Lake City in order to form the Deseret Republic The Mormon “Trek”

  27. The Mormons(The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints) • Deseret community. • Salt Lake City, Utah Brigham Young(1801-1877)

  28. Social Life in the South • During this Antebellum period America North and South began to polarize • In the South there was the Plantation System • An aristocracy of wealthy southern planters ruled, under them were poor white planters, under them the slaves • The south grew increasingly Agrarian and distant from the north • Because of this Agricultural base the south grew slower in population than the north and had fewer railroads and telegraphs

  29. Life in the North • In the North there was an Industrial Revolution.. • Factories brought in unskilled labor • Many immigrants flocked to the north to fill these jobs • Germans and Irish were discriminated against as they began to move in and take jobs, many believed that only those born in the U.S. deserved these freedoms, this belief was called Nativism • Nativism led to the creation of the “Know Nothing” party • The Know Nothings tried to oppose Irish Catholic immigration

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