Tatiana Švecová, Arquitectura La Salle , Universitat Ramon Llull October 15, 2010

1. In whichwayscan “technology” be a drivingforceforthetransformationofhousing, today? Tatiana Švecová,Arquitectura La Salle, UniversitatRamonLlull October 15, 2010

2. Technologyistheusageandknowledgeoftools, techniques, crafts, systemsormethodsoforganization. ThewordtechnologycomesfromtheGreektechnología (τεχνολογία) — téchnē (τέχνη), an 'art', 'skill' or 'craft' and-logía (-λογία), the study ofsomething, orthebranchofknowledgeof a discipline. Sincetheonsetofdifferentdiscoveriesandinventions, different technology sourceshavecome to theforefrontandhaveknown to affectthelifestyleofhumans. Theprogress in technology isresponsiblefortheadvancements in thefieldsofmanufacturing, transportation, medicineetc.aswell as housing. Forexample, withtheusageofelectricity, lifebecameeasierandimprovedtheefficiencyofpeopleallaroundtheworld.

3. In otherwords, the most importantcontributionof technology to society ismakingthelivesofcommonpeople much easierandhelpingthemachievewhatwaspreviously not possible. Differentwaysofimpactof technology on housing www.cityproject.sk www.lansdowne-photography.co.uk

4. In otherwords, the most importantcontributionof technology to society ismakingthelivesofcommonpeople much easierandhelpingthemachievewhatwaspreviously not possible. Differentwaysofimpactof technology on housing www.cityproject.sk www.lansdowne-photography.co.uk Smarthouses / comfort / not necessarilyvisible Design/ shapes/ forms / HighTech

5. Intelligent /smarthouses www.iqrf.com A smart houseis a house that has highlyadvancedautomaticsystemsforlighting, temperaturecontrol, multi-media, security,windowanddooroperations, and many otherfunctions. A smarthomeappears "intelligent" becauseitscomputersystemscan monitor so many aspectsofdailyliving.

6. For such automatizedbuildingthereis a possibilityof controlling evenremotely. In addition to this, thesystemcanperformevenadditionalfunctions: • monitoring (measurement, displaying, ...) • sendingmessagesaboutthestate • checking • response to thesituation (rain, frost, ...) • simulationof presence in a flat • solvingexceptions (illegalpenetration, fire) • comparison to requiredstateandexecutingrequiredoperationsorsending a warning via SMS or e-mail in case ofaberration Video doorphoneCamerasystems Alarm systemsSolarpanels

7. High-techarchitecture, alsoknown as LateModernismorStructuralExpressionism, isanarchitectural style thatemerged in the 1970s, incorporatingelementsofhigh-techindustryand technology intobuilding design. HighTecharchitecture .forum.skyscraperpage.com www.rtaflondon.com www.galinsky.com HSBC MainBuilding, Hong Kong Lloyd's building, London Pompidou center, Paris Characteristicsofhigh-techarchitecturehavevariedsomewhat, yetallhaveaccentuatedtechnicalelements. Theyincludedthe prominent display ofthebuilding's technicalandfunctionalcomponents, andanorderly arrangement and use ofpre-fabricatedelements.

8. Nowadaystalkingabouttechnologyanditsimpact on architectureandhousing – nothingisimpossible - Urban skyscraperfarms - Floatingeco-cities - Glowingsolartowers - Turbine-drivenskyscrapers - Magneticallylevitatedwindcollectors Example – design od apartment building / scyscraperusingmoderntechnologies www.archiinspire.com

9. The idea is to create a seriesoffloatingself-sufficientocean-goingeco-city islands. Eachonewouldbeable to house 50,000 residentsandwould support a greatdealofbiodiversity. Collectingpoolslocated in theircenterswouldgatherandfilterwaterfor use on board. These wouldbeplacesforadventurersandrefugeesalike as waterlevelsrisearoundtheworldandthreaten many, particularly island, habitats. Lilypad Project www.weburbanist.com

10. www.weburbanist.com Eco Factor: Housing project designed to generate renewable energy. 10 Raisonarchitectshave drawn inspiration from the magnificent Eiffel Tower to design a futuristic housing high-rise for Zaabeel Park in Dubai. The plan focuses on the use of sustainable materials and renewable energy generators to lower the carbon footprint of the high-rise.

11. Bibligraphy www.weburbanist.com www.archinspire.com www.greatbuildings.com www.iarf.com www.smarthouse.com.au www.automatedbuildings.com/news www.intelligenbuildings.com

12. Whatis “vernacular” housing, today? Tatiana Švecová,Arquitectura La Salle, UniversitatRamonLlull October 15, 2010

13. In 1964 theexhibitionArchitectureWithoutArchitectswas put on attheMuseum ofModernArt, New York by Bernard Rudofsky. ItwasRudofskywhofirstmade use ofthe term vernacular in anarchitecturalcontext, andbroughttheconceptintotheeyeofthe public andofmainstreamarchitecture: "Forwantof a genericlabelweshallcallitvernacular, anonymous, spontaneous, indigenous, rural, as the case maybe." Definitions / quotes TheEncyclopediaofVernacularArchitectureoftheWorlddefinesvernaculararchitecture as: ...comprisingthedwellingsandallotherbuildingsofthepeople. Related to theirenvironmentalcontextsandavailableresourcesthey are customarilyowner- orcommunity-built, utilizingtraditionaltechnologies. Allformsofvernaculararchitecture are built to meetspecificneeds, accommodatingthevalues, economiesandwaysoflifeoftheculturesthatproducethem.

14. RonaldBrunskill has definedtheultimate in vernaculararchitecture as: ...a buildingdesigned by anamateurwithoutanytraining in design; theindividualwillhavebeenguided by a seriesofconventionsbuiltup in his locality, payinglittleattention to whatmaybefashionable. Thefunctionofthebuildingwouldbethe dominant factor, aestheticconsiderations, thoughpresent to somesmalldegree, beingquiteminimal. Localmaterialswouldbeused as a matterofcourse, othermaterialsbeingchosenandimportedquiteexceptionally. Frank LloydWrightdescribedvernaculararchitecture as "Folk buildinggrowing in response to actualneeds, fittedintoenvironment by peoplewhoknew no betterthan to fit themwithnative feeling".

15. Vernaculararchitectureisinfluenced by a greatrangeofdifferentaspectsofhumanbehaviourandenvironment, leading to differingbuildingformsforalmosteverydifferentcontext; evenneighbouringvillagesmayhavesubtlydifferentapproaches to theconstructionand use oftheirdwellings, eveniftheyatfirstappearthesame. Aspects - climate , culture,environmentandmaterials, economicsituation , lifestyle,traditionsetc. www.skyscrapercity.com www.tibetheritagefund.org Todahut, India Tibet

16. www.adventureland.com Junglehut, Brazil www.traditionorale.ca www.en.wikipedia.org Igloo Rondavel, Cameroon

17. Paul Oliver, in his bookDwellings, states: "...itiscontendedthat 'populararchitecture' designed by professionalarchitectsorcommercialbuildersforpopular use, does not comewithinthecompassofthevernacular.„ Populararchitecture vs. vernaculararchitecture www.archdaily.com www.blog.100-mile-house.org

18. ContemporaryVernacularArchitecture On-nuchgarage slum - thebiggestgarbagedisposal area in Bangkok. The house isbuiltfromcarefullyselectedgarbageandleftover - metal boxesforsnacks. Thedetails are wellthought, sowellthoughtthatwe as anarchitect are amazed. Theowner / builderofthe house is a man of his 40s, whoneverbuiltanything in his lifebefore.... AnexcellentexampleofContemporaryVernacularArchitecture?

19. The detail of the opening of the house.

20. The roof tiles are made of the metal boxes cut into small pieces too.

21. The columns are reinforce concrete molded by the metal bins, without removing the mold afterward! http://phiphi-design-workshop.blogspot.com

22. Ahwaz, Iran, Sandbagproject Afterextensiveresearchintovernacularearthbuildingmethods in Iran, followed by detailedprototyping, wasdevelopedthesandbagor ‘superadobe’system. The basic constructiontechniqueinvolvesfillingsandbagswithearthandlayingthem in courses in a circularplan. Thecircularcourses are corbellednearthe top to form a dome. Barbedwireislaidbetweencourses to preventthesandbagsfromshiftingand to provideearthquakeresistance. Hence thematerialsofwar - sandbagsandbarbedwire - are usedforpeacefulends, integratingtraditionaleartharchitecturewithcontemporaryglobalsafetyrequirements.

23. Becausethestructures use localresourcesonsiteearthandhumanhandsthey are entirelysustainable. Menandwomen, oldandyoung, canbuildsincethe maximum weightliftedisanearth-filledcan to pourintothebags. Barbedwireandsandbags are suppliedlocally, andthestabilizerisalsousuallylocallysourced.

24. http://www.akdn.org/Architecture

25. QuintaMonroy, Iquique, Chile TheChileanGovernmentaskedus to resolvethefollowingequation: To settlethe 100 familiesoftheQuintaMonroy, in thesame 5,000 sqmsitethattheyhaveillegallyoccupiedforthe last 30 yearswhichislocated in thevery center ofIquique, a city in theChilean desert. http://www.elementalchile.com

26. http://www.elementalchile.com http://www.elementalchile.com If to answerthequestion, onestartsassuming 1 house = 1 family = 1 lot, wewereable to host just 30 families in thesite. Theproblemwithisolatedhouses, isthatthey are veryinefficient in termsofland use. Thatiswhysocialhousingtends to look forlandthatcosts as little as possible. Thatland, isnormally far awayfromtheopportunitiesofwork, education, transportationandhealththatcitiesoffer. Thiswayofoperating has tended to localizesocialhousing in animpoverishedurbansprawl, creatingbeltsofresentment, socialconflictandinequity.

27. Bibligraphy http://phiphi-design-workshop.blogspot.com http://www.elementalchile.com http://www.akdn.org/Architecture www.archdaily.com www.blog.100-mile-house.org www.skyscrapercity.com www.tibetheritagefund.org