1. 5 Data and Knowledge Management

2. Discuss ways that common challenges in managing data can be addressed using data governance. • Define Big Data, and discuss its basic characteristics. • Explain how to interpret the relationships depicted in an entity-relationship diagram. • Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of relational databases. • Explain the elements necessary to successfully implement and maintain data warehouses. • Describe the benefits and challenges of implementing knowledge management systems in organizations.

3. Managing Data • Big Data • The Database Approach • Database Management Systems • Data Warehouses and Data Marts • Knowledge Management

4. [ Opening Case Tapping the Power of Big Data ] • What We Learned from This Case

5. 5.1 Rollins Automotive

6. 5.1 The Difficulties of Managing Data Data Governance Managing Data

7. Difficulties in Managing Data • Data increases exponentially with time • Multiple sources of data • Data rot, or data degradation • Data security, quality, and integrity • Government Regulation

8. Multiple Sources of Data • Internal Sources • Corporate databases, company documents • Personal Sources • Personal thoughts, opinions, experiences • External Sources • Commercial databases, government reports, and corporate Web sites.

9. 5.2 New York City Opens Its Data to All

10. Data Governance • An approach to managing information across an entire organization. • Master Data • Master Data Management

11. 5.2 Defining Big Data Characteristics of Big Data Managing Big Data Leveraging Big Data Big Data

12. Defining Big Data • Big data is difficult to define • Two Descriptions of Big Data

13. From Gartner Research (Big Data Description 1 of 2) • Diverse, high-volume, high-velocity information assets that require new forms of processing to enable enhanced decision making, insight discovery, and process optimization. (www.gartner.com)

14. From the Bid Data Institute (Big Data Description 2 of 2) • Exhibit variety • Includes structured, unstructured, and semi-structured data • Are generated at high velocity with an uncertain pattern • Do not fit neatly into traditional, structured, relational databases • Can be captured, processed, transformed, and analyzed in a reasonable amount of time only by sophisticated information systems. • (www.the-bigdatainstitute.com)

15. Defining Big Data • Big Data Generally Consist of: • Traditional enterprise data • Machine-generated/sensor data • Social Data • Images captured by billions of devices located around the world • Digital cameras, camera phones, medical scanners, and security cameras

16. Characteristics of Big Data • Volume • Velocity • Variety

17. Managing Big Data • When properly analyzed big data can reveal valuable patterns and information. • Database environment • Traditional relational databases versus NoSQL databases • Open source solutions

18. Leveraging Big Data • Creating Transparency • Enabling Experimentation • Segmenting Population to Customize Actions • Replacing/Supporting Human Decision Making with Automated Algorithms • Innovating New Business Models, Products, and Services • Organizations Can Analyze Far More Data

19. 5.3 The Data Hierarchy Designing the Database The Database Approach

20. Databases Minimize Three Main Problems • Data Redundancy • Data Isolation • Data Inconsistency

21. Databases Maximize the Following • Data Security • Data Integrity • Data Independence

22. Data Hierarchy • Bit • Byte • Field • Data File or Table • Database

23. Designing the Database • Key Terms • Data Model • Entity • Instance • Attribute • Primary Key • Secondary Keys

24. Designing the Database • Entity-Relationship Modeling • Entity-Relationship Diagram • Cardinality • Modality

25. 5.4 The Relational Database Model Databases in Action Database Management Systems

26. The Relational Database Model • Based on the concept of two-dimensional tables • Database Management System (DBMS) • Query Languages • Data Dictionary • Normalization

27. 5.3 Database Solution for the German Aerospace Center

28. 5.5 Describing Data Warehouses and Data Marts A Generic Data Warehouse Environment Data Warehouses and Data Marts

29. Describing Data Warehouses & Data Marts • Data Warehouse • A repository of historical data that are organized by subject to support decision makers in the organization • Data Mart • A low-cost, scaled-down version of a data warehouse designed for end-user needs in a strategic business unit (SBU) or individual department.

30. Describing Data Warehouses & Data Marts • Basic characteristics of data warehouses and data marts • Organized by business dimension or subject • Use online analytical processing (OLAP) • Integrated • Time variant • Nonvolatile • Multidimensional

31. A Generic Data Warehouse Environment • Source Systems • Data Integration • Storing the Data • Metadata • Data Quality • Data Governance • Users

32. 5.4 Hospital Improves Patient Care with Data Warehouse

33. 5.6 Concepts and Definitions Knowledge Management Systems The KMS Cycle Knowledge Management

34. Concepts & Definitions • Knowledge Management (KM) • A process that helps manipulate important knowledge that comprises part of the organization’s memory, usually in an unstructured format. • Knowledge • Explicit & Tacit Knowledge • Knowledge Management System (KMS)

35. Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) • Refer to the use of modern information technologies – the Internet, intranet, extranets, databases – to systematize, enhance, and expedite intrafirm and interfirm knowledge management. • Best practices

36. The KMS Cycle • Create Knowledge • Capture Knowledge • Refine Knowledge • Store Knowledge • Manage Knowledge • Disseminate Knowledge

37. [ Closing Case Case Organizations Have Too Much Data? ] • The Problem • The Solution • The Results