Bellringer January 30, 2012

1. Bellringer January 30, 2012 • Take out Chapter 7 Notes Guide • Take out your writing utensil

2. Chapter 7, Section 3:The Qin and Han Dynasties January 26, 2012

3. Objectives Today, we will be learning about the Qin and Han dynasties.

4. Emperor Qin Shihuangdi • *Qin Shihuangdi, “the First Qin Emperor,” took over one by one & changed gov’t to legalism. • *Those who opposed him were punished/killed.

5. Emperor Qin Shihuangdi • *Books opposing him were burned • Strong central government • *Appointed censors • *Made sure government officials did their jobs.

6. Emperor Qin Shihuangdi • Qin abolished the officials’ authority to pass their posts on to their sons. • He became the only person authorized to fill empty posts.

7. Emperor Qin Shihuangdi • *Unified China by creating one currency & building roads. • *Qin connected the Chang Jiang to central China by a canal at Guangzhou.

8. Emperor Qin Shihuangdi • *Built the Great Wall • *Started by several Chinese rulers in the north • *To keep out Xiongnu • Nomads who lived in the Gobi • Masters at fighting on horseback • *Forced farmers to build it • Work on connecting and strengthening walls

9. Emperor Qin Shihuangdi • The end to the Qin dynasty • Aristocrats angry • Farmers hated him • 210 B.C. people overthrew his dynasty • Civil War

10. The Han Dynasty • *Founded by Liu Bang • *Peasant who became a military leader • *Threw out Qin’s harsh policies • *Liu Bang declared himself Han Gaozu, “Exalted Emperor of Han.”

11. The Han Dynasty • *Han Wudi • *Created hard test for government jobs • *Students began preparing for the test at age 7 • *One in five passed

12. The Han Dynasty • The empire grew rapidly • Division of farm land • Large families • 1 acre of land • Families could not grow enough to live on. • Farmers sold their land to aristocrats • Became tenant farmers • Work on land owned by someone else and pay rent in crops • Aristocrats forced more farmers to sell land

13. The Han Dynasty • Peaceful living for 150 years • Han armies added land • The dynasty made the country more secure • Inventions • *Waterwheels • *Iron drill bits • *Steel • *Paper • *Acupuncture • *Rudder • *New way to move the sails of ships

14. The Silk Road • *Acupuncture is the practice of easing pain by sticking needles into patients’ skin. • Large network of trade routes • Carried Chinese goods as far as Greece and Rome • *Silk was the most valuable trade product

15. The Silk Road • *An expensive trip • Merchants had to pay taxes to many kingdoms • *Carried • *Silk • *Spices • *Tea • *Porcelain

16. Major Changes in China • *Buddhism came to China from India via merchants & teachers. • *People believed in Buddhism as the Han dynasty fell.

17. Major Changes in China • *Civil wars & emperors after Wudi were weak & foolish. • *Central gov’t = lost respect & power.

18. Major Changes in China • *Luoyang, the Han capital, was attacked by a rebel army in AD 190. • *Civil war broke out, nomads in the north, & Han dynasty collapsed

19. Major Changes in China • *The Chinese felt unsafe, so they found refuge in Buddhism.