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Unit 1 Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

Unit 1 Upper Respiratory Tract Infection. PRESENTED BY: REVIEWED BY: Ms. Pavithra K Mr. Jobin Lecturer, MSN dept Asst. Professor, MSN dept. LEARNING OBJECTIVES. At the end of the class students will be able to define Rhinitis Enlist the causes of Rhinitis

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Unit 1 Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

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  1. Unit 1Upper Respiratory Tract Infection PRESENTED BY: REVIEWED BY: Ms. Pavithra K Mr. Jobin Lecturer, MSN dept Asst. Professor, MSN dept

  2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the class students will be able to • define Rhinitis • Enlist the causes of Rhinitis • list down the clinical features of Rhinitis • enumerate the management of Rhinitis

  3. Common cold • Sinusitis • Ethinitis • Rhinitis • Pharyngitis • Tonsilitis • Adenoiditis

  4. Rhinopathies • Are the disorders of the nose that interupt its normal functions of olfaction, warming, filtering and humidifying inspired air

  5. COMMON COLD

  6. Definition • an viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract infection that is self limited and caused by a rhinovirus . • It is characterized by nasal congestion, rhinorrhea ,sneezing ,sore throat , general malaise • Low immunity • Day care or schools

  7. Causes • Rhinovirus • Para influenza virus • Picorna virus • Corona virus • Respiratory sncytial virus • Influenza virus • Adenovirus

  8. Mode of transmission • Airborne droplets • Infected nasal secretions • Contaminated objects

  9. Symptoms • stuffiness in the nasopharynx (nose) • Nasal congestion • Nasal itching • Nasal secretions • Watery eyes • Red and swollen nasal mucous membranes • Headache

  10. Conti…. • Generalized tiredness • Fever • Chills • If the pharynx and larynx (throat) becomes involved: • Sore throat • Hoarseness

  11. Management • Rest • Hand hygiene • drinking plenty of fluids • Nasal decongestants – oxymetazoline • Anti histamines- citrizine to relieve nasal congestion ,sneezing ,rhinorrhoea. • Warm salt water gargles soothe sore throat • NSAID drugs such as aspirin or ibuprofen relieve the aches ,pain, r in adults • Steam inhalation

  12. Rhinitis

  13. inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose, caused by a virus infection (e.g. the common cold) or by an allergic reaction (e.g. hay fever). Types • Allergic • Non Allergic

  14. Causes Exposure to allergens • Seasonal pollens • Trees or grass or plants • exposure to allergens in the work place • Pet hair

  15. Allergic rhinitis Seasonal: • Symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis can occur in spring. • They are usually caused by allergic sensitivity to pollens from grass, trees and weeds. Perennial • experience symptoms year-round. • It is generally caused by dust mites, pet hair.

  16. Non Allergic • Virus • certain odors or irritants in the air • some medications • certain foods

  17. Symptoms • Early phase symptoms • Frequent or repetitive sneezing • Rhinorrhea • Nasal congestion • Itchy nose or throat • fatigue

  18. Late phase symptoms It occurs 4-8 hours later Nasal congestion Fatigue Wheezing Tearing from eyes Sore throat puffy eyelid Decreased sense of smell

  19. Management • Environmental control measures • Nasal wash or irrigation • Pharmacological management

  20. Environmental control measures • by closing windows • covering pillows and mattresses with plastic covers • substituting synthetic materials for animal products- woolen , fur jackets

  21. Nasal washes: • a nasal wash can be helpful for removing mucus from the nose • saline solution • Pour some solution into the palm of the hand and inhale it through the nose , one nostril at a time . • Gently blow the nose

  22. Nasal irrigation with a saline solution through a neti pot involves: Insert the spout of the neti pot in the upper nostril Slowly pour the solution into nose while continuing to breathe through mouth Reverse the tilt of head and repeat the process with the other nostril

  23. Pharmacological management : Antihistamines Nasal corticosteroids- budesonide, fluticasone Nasal decongestant- oxymetazoline intranasal anticholinergic agents - Ipratropium Bromide

  24. Nursing management • Avoid direct contact with infected patient to prevent spreading of infection • Follow proper hand washing techniques • While sneezing and coughing mouth to be closed • Use anti-bacterial soaps and alcohol –based hand sanitizers or gels in the home to reduce the transmission • Do not share the used stuffs to others • Disinfect the stuffs

  25. EVALUATION • What is Rhinitis. • What are the causes of Rhinitis. • Enlist the clinical features of Rhinitis. • Explain the management of Rhinitis.

  26. REFERENCE • Smeltzer – Brunner & Suddharth Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing, Wolterskluwer publishers, 12th edition 2009. • Black – Medical Surgical Nursing, Elsevier publishers, 8th edition 2009. • Nettina – Lippincott manual of Nursing Practice, Wolterskluwer publishers, 7th edition 2014. • Lewis – Medical Surgical Nursing, Elsevier publishers, 10th edition, 2017

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