All that you need to know about silicon wafers

1. All that you need to know about silicon wafers

2. Semiconductor wafer is a thin slice of semiconductor substance, like crystalline silicon, which is used in electronics for making Integrated Circuits (ICs). These are made up of pure single-crystal material, and are usually made with a process called the Czochralski process.  Silicon or Si makes for more than half of the earth’s crust, though it is commonly present as silicon dioxide, referred to as sand or quartz.  Silicon is the eighth most abundant element in the universe, and is present in large stars. For silicon to be used in electronics, it must be 99.9999999% pure, for every one billion atoms, there can only be one that can be non-silicon.  Due to the uniqueness of electrical currents via silicon wafers, semiconductor wafers are used in creating integrated circuits that act as commands for specific actions in various electronic devices. 

3. Main component of electronic circuits  Silicon wafer is the main component of electronic circuits which is a composite of a variety of electronic elements that are brought together to perform a particular function.  To ensure this level of purity, WaferPro’s technicians and crew use intensive heating, cleaning and rigorous testing. Once the wafers have been made, they can go on to the next of the approximate 1500 processing steps that are necessary to make a silicon chip.  Silicon wafers are available at WaferPro in a variety of sizes for use in various applications, ranging from 25.4 mm to 450 mm in diameter. Semiconductor plants are known by the diameter of the wafers they produce. 

4. Silicon wafers of different thicknesses  Semiconductor wafers are grown by making use of materials other than silicon will have a different thickness from the silicon wafer. The thickness of the wafer is measured by the mechanical strength of the material used, and it must be sufficient to support its own weight during handling.  Once when one or two flats are ground into the edge of the semiconductor wafer, it indicates crystal orientation which applies to wafers 125 mm in diameter. Flats are used to denote the crystallographic and doping orientation of the wafers. Red color represents material that has been removed.

5. Doping of silicon wafers  Semiconductor wafers that are grown from crystals have a regular crystalline structure. Silicon wafers are not made of 100% pure silicon but are formed with an impurity doping concentration in the initial stages. Carbon and other metallic contaminations are kept to a minimum. Semiconductor doping is a process whereby the intrinsic semiconductor is changed to an extrinsic semiconductor.  Some of the silicon dopants that can be added throughout the growth process include aluminum, boron, nitrogen, indium, and gallium. A semiconductor can be regarded as either degenerate or extrinsic, depending on the level of the silicon wafer was, when the dopant was added. 

6. Silicon wafers are used in everyday electronics  Silicon wafers are used in computers, mobile phones, solar panels, and home electronics. It is a revolutionary development in the world, and even after decades of development, requires a lengthy and carefully controlled set of processes for precision fabrication.  A silicon crystal is first grown in precise conditions so that it is 99.99% pure and defect-free. There are several techniques through which is such purity can be achieved, and once attained, the crystal is sliced using a highly accurate wafer saw. Next, a refined process of polishing is executed which gives the crystal its final form, a silicon wafer.  WaferProuses state-of-the-art machinery, tools and techniques to provide businesses with silicon wafers of the highest quality that meet their specific applications. 

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