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CHAPTER-12

earthquake engineering

Subhan13
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CHAPTER-12

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  1. EARTHQUAKE AND VIBRATION EFFCTS ON STRUCTURES: BASIC ELEMENTS OF EARTHQUAKE RISSTANT DESIGN ENGR. SUBHAN PhD CANDIDATE, AIU B.Sc. Civil, Suit Peshawar 2011 M.Sc. Structure INU Peshawar 2014 Former lecture & postgraduate coordinator, INU Peshawar

  2. OUTLINES OF PRESENTATION • INTRODUCTION • STATIC & DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM • STRUCTURAL MODELLING • SEISMIC METHODS OF ANALYSIS • SEISMIC DESIGN METHODS • RESPONSE CONTROL CONCEPTS • SEISMIC EVALUATION & RETRROFITTING • SEISMIC TEST METHODS

  3. INTRODUCTIN

  4. STATIC & DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM STATIC EQUILIBRIUM DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM And

  5. STRUCTURAL MODELLING • EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE IS AN ART TO SIMULATE THE BEHAVIOUR OF A STRUCTURE SUBJECTE TO AN EARTHQUAKE GORUND MOTION BASED ON DYNAMICS AND A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE STRUCTURE. THE CORRECT ANALYSIS WILL DEPEND UPON • PROPER MODELLING OF THE BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS • PROPER MODELLING OF ELEMENTS, CONNECTIONS AND STRUCTURE. • MODELS MAY BE CLASSIFIED BY ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCE IN THE DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM.

  6. STRUCTURAL MODELS FOR FRAME BUILDING • THREE DIMENSION MODEL • BUIDLINGS WITH IRRGULAR GEOMETRICCONFIGURATION • TORSIONAL RESPONSE IN THE STRUCTURES WITH ECCECNTRIC DISTRIBUION OF STIFFNESS OR MASS • EARTHQUAKE MOTION IN TWO DIRECTIONS OR SKEWED DIRECTION

  7. STRUCTURAL MODELS FOR FRAME BUILDING 2. TWO DIMENSTIONAL PLANE FRAME MODEL • BUILDINGS WITH SYMMETRIC PLAN AND SMALL TORSIONAL RESPONSE.

  8. STRUCTURAL MODELS FOR FRAME BUILDING 3. LUMPED MASS MODEL. • FOR EASY CALCULATIONS & SAVING OF TIME.

  9. STRUCTURAL MODELS FOR FRAME BUILDING 4. SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION MODEL. • TAKES INTO ACCOUNT THE POSSIBILITY OF HAVING DIFFERENT HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL MOTIONS OF SUPPORTS AND MODIFICATION OF THE NATURAL PERIOD OF STRUCTURE DUE TO INTERACTION WITH SOIL.

  10. SEISMIC METHODS OF ANALYSIS

  11. CODE-BASED PROCEDURE FOR SEISMIC ANALYSIS • EQUIVALENT LATERAL FORCE (ELF). • RESPONSE SPECTRUM ANALYSIS (RS) ANALYSIS. • LINEAR OR ELEASTIC TIME HISTORY ANALYSIS (LTHA).

  12. SEISMIC DESIGN METHODS

  13. CODE-BASED METHODS FOR SEISMIC DESIGN • LATERAL STRENGTH-BASED DESIGN • DISPLACEMENT OR DUCTILITY BASED DESIGN • CAPACITY-BASED DESIGN • ENERGY-BASED DESIGN

  14. RESPONSE CONTROL CONCEPTS

  15. RESPONSE CONTROL CONCEPTS

  16. SEISMIC EVALUATION AND RETROFITTING

  17. METHODS FOR SEISMIC RETROFITTING

  18. SEISMIC TEST METHODS • SHAKING TABLE TEST • IS THE MOST REALISTIC TEST FOR DETERMINING DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF THE STRUCTURE. • STRUCTURE IS SUBJECTED TO A LOAD HISTORY WHICH IS USUALLY A GROUND MOTION RECORDED DURING AN EARTHQUAKE IS SIMULATED • IN RECENT SHAKING TABLES SYSTEMS SIX DEGREE FO FREEDOM MOTION CAN BE APPLIED.

  19. SEISMIC TEST METHODS 2. PSEUDO-DYNAMIC TEST • DYNAMIC CONDITIONS ARE SIMULATED. • THIS TEST IS DONE WITH ONLINE COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNIQUE. • LOADS ARE APPLIED STATICALLY AT VARIOUS POSITIONS OF THE TEST STRUCTURE.

  20. SEISMIC TEST METHODS 3. QUASI-STATIC TEST • IT IS NOT A DYNAMIC TEST • THE RATE OF APPLICATION OF LOAD IS VERY SLOW. • THIS METHOD ADEQUATELY CAPTURES THE IMPORTANT DYNAMIC CHARCTERISTICS OF THE STURCTUR SUCH AS HSYSTERESIS BEHAVIOUR, ENERGY DISSIPATION CAPACITY, STIFFNESS DEGRADATION, DUCTILITY, HYSTERETIC DAMPING, THE MOST DESTRESSED ZONES AND LATERAL STRENGTH AND DEFORMATION CAPACITY.

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