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1. HSA 535 Week 7 Assignment 2 Cohort Follow-up Studies Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) For more classes visit www.snaptutorial.com Assignment 2: Cohort Follow-up Studies: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Due Week 7 and worth 240 points Use the Internet and Strayer databases, and recall your readings in Chapter 11 of Introduction to Epidemiology and Chapter 7 of Epidemiology for Public Health Practice to complete this assignment. Write a five to six (5-6) page paper in which you: 1. 1. Through cohort study designs and other evidence-based management studies, identify the major causes of CVD, and analyze the key steps, including current medications, used to address the disease. 2. 2. Develop at least five (5) leading questions that may be posed to your local health department in regard to mitigating the proliferation of the disease. Provide a sound rationale for raising these questions. 3. 3. Based on the five (5) questions you developed in Question two (2), provide a rudimentary protocol to disseminate this information to your local community leaders. 4. 4. Recommend six (6) steps that may be given to your current or previous place of employment to prevent the proliferation of CVD. Provide support for your recommendations. 5. 5. Use at least six (6) peer-reviewed academic resources in this assignment. These must come from journal sources. Note: Fact Sheets, Wikipedia, and non-academic Websites do not qualify as academic resources. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: · Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow

2. APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. · Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: · Analyze evidence-based management, case-control studies, cohorts and randomized clinical trials utilized in clinical epidemiology, and decision making. · Examine the application of epidemiology to specific diseases. · Use technology and information resources to research issues in managerial epidemiology. · Write clearly and concisely about managerial epidemiology using proper writing mechanics. ================================= HSA 535 Week 10 Assignment 3 Social, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Causes of Diseases Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) For more classes visit www.snaptutorial.com Assignment 3: Social, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Causes of Diseases: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) Due Week 10 and worth 240 points Use the Internet and databases, and recall your readings in Chapter 15 of Introduction to Epidemiology and Chapter 15 of Epidemiology for Public Health Practice to complete this assignment. Write a five to six (5-6) page paper in which you:

3. 1. development to developing countries in general. 2. 2. Using T2D statistics, compare the rates in the U.S. to the rates in your home state. 3. 3. In addressing community concerns, analyze the cost of treating T2D in your community. Suggest five (5) prudent steps to address the psychosocial proliferation of the disease. Provide support for your suggestion. 4. 4. Propose at least six (6) steps to address T2D in your current or previous workplace environment, and recommend the one (1) you believe to be the most important. Provide support for your recommendation. 5. 5. Use at least six (6) peer-reviewed academic resources in this assignment. These must come from journal sources. Note: Fact Sheets, Wikipedia, and non-academic Websites do not qualify as academic resources. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: · Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. · Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: · Examine epidemiology, financial management, and cost- effectiveness analysis. · Use technology and information resources to research issues in managerial epidemiology. · Write clearly and concisely about managerial epidemiology using proper writing mechanics. ================================= 1. Analyze the development of T2D in the U.S., and compare its

4. HSA 535 Week 11 Final Exam Part 1 For more classes visit www.snaptutorial.com HSA 535 Week 11 Final Exam Part 1 - 1. Social epidemiology studies ____. 2. HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is currently a ____. 3. A disease or condition that affects a greater than expected (normal) number of individuals within a population, community, or region at the same time is referred to as an ____. 4. Identifying diseases prior to the clinical stage means that prevention efforts can begin immediately. Because the disease is already present, this is an example of ____ prevention. 5. The time between infection and clinical disease is referred to as a(n) ____. 6. James Lind (1716-1794) observed the effect of time, place, weather, and diet on the spread of disease by ____. 7. The number of new cases of disease in a specified time (usually one year) divided by the population “at-risk” to develop the disease is known as ____. 8. A proportion measured over a period of time is known as a ____. 9. A person in the population or study group identified as having the particular disease, health disorder, or condition under investigation is known as a ____. 10. Infectious diseases are responsible for ____% of worldwide deaths in children under 15 years old and ____% of deaths in people aged 15-59 years old. 11. The probability of death due to infectious disease in sub-Saharan Africa is ____%, but only ____% in developed countries, such as the United States. 12. How many new cases of HIV infection were reported in the United States for the year 2009?

5. 13. During 2008, the most recent year for which data are finalized, ____ food-borne disease outbreaks were reported. 14. Outbreaks are generally classified as one of two types: ____. 15. Once the population at risk has been identified, it’s finally time to develop a(n) ____ about the suspected cause of the outbreak and then test it. 16. The MMR vaccine is a live, attenuated vaccine that combines antigens for what infectious diseases? 17. Anthrax is caused by ____. 18. Which sub-group is considered at the highest risk for anthrax infection? 19. In 1970, cardiovascular research indicated that high blood pressure (hypertension) increased the risk of ____. 20. The brain consists of two major hemispheres, the right and the left, which are joined by tissue called the corpus callosum. The right hemisphere controls movements of which part of the body? 21. In 1948, the National Heart Institute and Boston University began an ambitious project to follow over time a large number of persons who had not yet developed cardiovascular disease to study the characteristics of the disease and determine the risk factors. This project is commonly known today as the ____. 22. Cancer in the ____ is the second most common cancer when considering men and women combined. 23. What is the overall case fatality rate of lung cancer in the United States (men and women combined)? 24. In what year did the National Cancer Institute and the National Human Genome Research Institute establish The Cancer Genome Atlas? 25. Metabolic syndrome is also known as ____. 26. What is the main prevention measure currently available for Type 1 diabetes? 27. Diabetes mellitus was the ____ leading cause of death in the United States in 2007. 28. Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by ____ transmitted through contaminated water or food.

6. 29. Although access to up-to-date computer systems is essential, what is the major barrier to setting up and maintaining health data in developing countries? 30. What is the average life expectancy in the United States (as of 2008)? ================================= HSA 535 Week 11 Final Exam Part 2 For more classes visit www.snaptutorial.com HSA 535 Week 11 Final Exam Part 2 - 1. Which of the following is not usually an aim of epidemiology? 2. Which of the following activities characterizes a clinical approach (as opposed to an epidemiologic approach)? 3. John Snow, author of Snow on Cholera: 4. Indicate the level of prevention that is represented by immunization against rubella 5. The difference between primary and secondary prevention of disease is: 6. Using epidemiology for operational research involves: 7. An epidemiologic survey of roller-skating injuries in Metroville, a city with a population of 100,000 (during the midpoint of the year), produced the following data for a particular year: Number of skaters in Metroville during any given month 12,000 Roller-skating injuries in Metroville 600 Total number of residents injured from roller-skating 1,800 Total number of deaths from roller-skating 90 Total number of deaths from all causes 900 8. The cause-specific mortality rate from roller-skating was:

7. 9. Blood pressure measurements on adult males 30-39 years of age were obtained in a survey of a representative sample of Twin Cities households. To compare the frequency of hypertension in the white and non-white population surveyed, the most appropriate measure is the: 10. An epidemiologic survey of roller-skating injuries in Metroville, a city with a population of 100,000 (during the midpoint of the year), produced the following data for a particular year: 11. Which of Mill’s four canons suggests that there is an association between frequency of disease and the potency of a causative factor? 12. Descriptive epidemiology has the following characteristics (Choose the incorrect option): 13. The use of GIS may be thought of as following the heritage of: 14. Which of the following is not one of the four criteria for the utility of epidemiologic data? 15. Which of the following data sources is most likely to provide a representative sample of the general health status of a population? 16. A large medical center’s oncology program reported an increased number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The hospital’s epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as follows: 17. A large medical center’s oncology program reported an increased number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The hospital’s epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as follows: 18. Examples of descriptive epidemiologic studies do not usually include:

8. 19. As an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of a drug suspected of causing malformations in newborn infants when the drug in question is taken by pregnant women during the course of their pregnancies. As your sample you will use the next 200 single births occurring in a given hospital. For each birth a medication history will be taken from the new mother and from her doctor; in addition, you will review medical records to verify use of the drug. [N.B.: These mothers are considered to have been followed prospectively during the entire course of their pregnancies, because a complete and accurate record of drug use was maintained during pregnancy. 20. As an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of a drug suspected of causing malformations in newborn infants when the drug in question is taken by pregnant women during the course of their pregnancies. As your sample you will use the next 200 single births occurring in a given hospital. For each birth a medication history will be taken from the new mother and from her doctor; in addition, you will review medical records to verify use of the drug. [N.B.: These mothers are considered to have been followed prospectively during the entire course of their pregnancies, because a complete and accurate record of drug use was maintained during pregnancy 21. An ambispective cohort study is also known as a: 22. A new screening test for Lyme disease is developed for use in the general population. The sensitivity and specificity of the new test are 60% and 70%, respectively. Three hundred people are screened at a clinic during the first year the new test is implemented. Assume the true prevalence of Lyme disease among clinic attendees is 10%. 23. Sensitivity and specificity of a screening test refer to its: 24. Drs. Poke and Jab (2014) conducted an employee health program that used 5 screening tests at the same time to detect diseases among workers. Which type of program is this? 25. A person with an inapparent infection: 26. Host factors in the causation of disease include: 27. An outbreak of salmonellosis occurred after an epidemiology department luncheon, which was attended by 485 faculty and staff.

9. Assume everyone ate the same food items. Sixty-five people had fever and diarrhea, five of these people were severely affected. Subsequent laboratory tests on everyone who attended the luncheon revealed an additional 72 cases. The ratio of severe cases to other clinically apparent cases was: 28. A situation in which the combined effect of several exposures is greater than the sum of the individual effects: 29. It has been suggested that occupational exposure to benzene in the petroleum industry increases the risk of developing leukemia. The levels of benzene to which workers in this industry have been exposed were high from 1940 to 1970, but since 1970 have been significantly reduced. What kind of study design, using petroleum workers, would provide the most useful information on whether benzene affects incidence rates of leukemia in this industry? You may assume that records of individual worker assignments to jobs involving benzene exposure have been maintained by the industry. 30. Personal behavior and lifestyle factors in health do not include: Selye’s concept of the general adaptation syndrome did not include: =================================