Lecture 2: Latent/Manifest/Observed Variables using in SEM Analysis (www.statswork.com)

1. www.statswork.com +91-8754446690 info@statswork.com LECTURE SERIES STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING REAL TIME APPLICATION WITH EXAMPLES

2. Latent Vs. Manifest/ Observed Variables in SEM analysis LECTURE - 2 BASIC INTRODUCTION- II Website: www.statswork.com Contact: +91-8754446690

3. 3 Table of Content • Latent Variables • Observed or Manifest Variables Website: www.statswork.com Contact: 8754446690

4. What is Latent & Observed in SEM? SEM consists of two parts Measurement model(s) for each latent variable Path analysis between the latent and observed variables Variable Labels Latent variable factor construct Observed variable measured variable manifest variable indicator generally considered endogenous

5. 4 Latent Variables In the behavioural sciences researchers often interested in studying theoretical constructs that cannot be observed directly. These phenomena are termed as latent variables, or common factors. Unmeasurable “Pure” Variables or true score not directly observed Free of measurement errors Examples of latent variables: Psychology: Self concept and Motivation. Education:Verbal ability& Teacher Expectancy.

6. 5 Observed or manifest variables Latent variables are not observed directly, it follows that they cannot be measured directly. The unobserved variable is linked to one that is observable, thereby measurement is possible. directly measurable (through questionnaire) include measurement error The term behaviour is used here in the very broadest sense to include scores on a particular measuring instrument. Examples: Self-report to an attitudinal scale. Scores on achievement test.

7. Figure shows the Latent & Observed Variables

8. 6 Contact us:Website: www.statswork.comContact: +91-8754446690E-mail: info@statswork.com Upcoming Weeks….. Lecture -3 Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS • Exogenous and Endogenous latent variables