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The document summarizes three natural disasters: the 2018 Kerala floods in India, the 2019-2020 Australian bushfires, and the 2020 Taal Volcano eruption in the Philippines. The Kerala floods were caused by heavy rainfall and resulted in over 480 deaths. The Australian bushfires started in late 2019 and burned over 18 million hectares, killing 34 people directly and over 400 from smoke inhalation. The Taal Volcano erupted in January 2020 in the Philippines, forcing over 200,000 people to evacuate and raising health concerns from volcanic ash.
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About Kerala flood Kerala received heavy monsoon rainfall, which was about 116% more than the usual rain fall in Kerala, on the mid-evening of 8 August, resulting in dams filling to their maximum capacities; in the first 48 hours of rainfall the state received 310 mm of rain. Almost all dams had been opened since the water level had risen close to overflow level due to heavy rainfall, flooding local low-lying areas. For the first time in the state's history, 35 dams had been opened. The deluge has been considered an impact of the global warming.
Rescue operation Being instructed by ISRO the Cabinet Secretary, senior officers of Defence Services, NDRF, NDMA and secretaries of Civilian Ministries conducted meetings with Kerala Chief Secretary. Following the decisions taken during these meetings, the Centre launched massive rescue and relief operations. In one of the largest rescue operations 40 helicopters, 31 aircraft, 182 teams for rescue, 18 medical teams of defence forces, 90 teams of NDRF and 3 companies of Central Armed Police Forces were pressed into service along with over 500 boats and necessary rescue equipment’s.
About Australian Bushfire Started in December 2019, the Australian bush fires showed no signs of slowing down or stopping. While most countries were celebrating New Year’s, Australia was facing one of its biggest natural disasters and several states called for emergency in January. As per a report published in the Medical Journey of Australia, the Australian bushfire burned an estimated 18.6 million hectares, destroyed over 5,900 buildings, and killed at least 34 people, while over 400 people were killed due to the residual smoke inhalation.
Causes Australia's deadly fires have been fuelled by a combination of extreme heat, prolonged drought and strong winds. The country is in the grip of a heatwave, with record-breaking temperatures over the last three months. ... Authorities say that wind speeds have been recorded at 60 miles per hour.
Recovery Out-of-control bushfires caused so much destruction affecting people and nature across Australia. Fortunately, the bushfires eventually went out — thanks to rainfall and the amazing efforts of firefighters and volunteers. . Communities have come together to make a difference during this difficult time.
About Taal volcano • The volcano erupted on the afternoon of January 12, 2020, 43 years after its previous eruption in 1977. According to PHIVOLCS director Dr. Renato Solidum, seismic swarms began at 11 am and were later followed by phreatic eruption from Volcano Island Main Crater at around 1 pm Philippine Standard Time (UTC+8).
Causes Taal volcano, like the other volcanoes in the Philippines, Japan and Indonesia, are a consequence of plate tectonics. An oceanic plate is being pushed (subducted) below an island arc. Melting begins at a depth of about 70km, and the magma, which is the molten rock below the earth's crust, rises up to feed volcanoes.
Recovery • The dust has yet to settle from the Taal Volcano, which shot magma and ash miles above a Philippine island last month and displaced more than 200,000, but residents are starting to return as the crisis now enters a recovery phase. • The Philippines Health Department is advising residents to wear surgical masks and be alert for effects from the volcanic ash and dust. Some have already been treated for such consequences as respiratory infections, skin lesions and flu.
