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1. Monkeypox Disease: Overview and Prevention Presenter Name www.yourwebsite.com

2. Table of Contents • What is Monkeypox? • Origin and History with a timeline • Transmission • Symptoms • Diagnosis • Treatment and Management • Prevention • Recent Outbreaks • Public Health Response • The Summary • Thank you www.yourwebsite.com

3. What is Monkeypox? 01 02 03 First discovered in 1958 in monkeys, with the first human case reported in 1970 Belongs to the Ortho poxvirus genus (same family as smallpox) A viral zoonotic disease www.yourwebsite.com

4. Origin and History - Timeline • The first outbreak outside Africa occurred in the United States, linked to imported animals. The outbreak affected more than 70 people, with no deaths reported. • The first human case of Monkeypox was recorded in a 9-month-old boy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This case marked the recognition of Monkeypox as a human disease. • Continued monitoring and research are being conducted globally to control the spread and better understand the virus's transmission and impact. • A significant outbreak occurred in Nigeria after nearly 40 years of no reported cases. Over 200 confirmed and suspected cases were reported, marking a resurgence of the virus in West Africa. • The virus became endemic in several Central and West African countries, with sporadic outbreaks reported in rural areas where people have contact with wild animals. Monkeypox virus first identified in laboratory monkeys in Denmark. The disease was named after these initial cases in monkeys. • Monkeypox cases began to appear in non-endemic countries, including Europe, North America, and Asia. This global spread prompted the World Health Organization to declare the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in July 2022. First Outbreak Outside Africa Present - Ongoing Monitoring First Human Case • Global Outbreak • Nigeria Outbreak First Discovery Endemic Spread 1958 1970 1980s 2003 2017 2022 2023 www.yourwebsite.com

5. Transmission How is Monkeypox Spread? Animal-to-Human Transmission Human-to-Human Transmission • Direct contact with blood, bodily fluids, or cutaneous/mucosal lesions of infected animals • Consumption of undercooked meat or other products of infected animals • Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipiscingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntut labore et dolore magna aliqua • Close contact with respiratory droplets, skin lesions, or bodily fluids of an infected person • Contaminated objects like bedding or clothing • Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipiscingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntut labore et dolore magna aliqua www.yourwebsite.com

6. Clinical Symptoms of Monkeypox • Fever • Headache • Muscle aches • Back pain • Swollen lymph nodes • Chills and exhaustion Clinical Symptoms of Monkeypox Incubation Period:6-13 days (can range from 5-21 days) Later Symptoms: Rash (starting on the face and spreading to other parts of the body) Lesions progressing from macules to papules, vesicles, pustules, and scabs INITIAL SYMPTOMS www.yourwebsite.com

7. Diagnosis How is Monkeypox Diagnosed? Clinical Diagnosis Laboratory Diagnosis • Based on characteristic symptoms and recent travel history to endemic areas • PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) tests. • Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipiscingelit • Electron microscopy. • Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipiscingelit • Viral culture. • Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipiscingelit 01 02 03 04 www.yourwebsite.com

8. 01 Treatment and Management 02 Is There a Cure for Monkeypox? • Supportive care to relieve symptoms • No specific treatment for monkeypox • Vaccinia vaccine (smallpox vaccine) may provide cross-protection • Antiviral agents like Tecovirimat may be used in severe cases 04 03 www.yourwebsite.com

9. Prevention • Avoid contact with animals that could harbor the virus 01 How to Prevent Monkeypox? • Practice good hygiene and use personal protective equipment (PPE) 02 • Vaccination with the smallpox vaccine for high-risk individuals 03 • Isolate infected individuals to prevent the spread 04 www.yourwebsite.com

10. Recent Outbreaks • Notable outbreaks in non-endemic countries across Europe, North America, and Asia 01 Global Spread of Monkeypox (2022-Present) • WHO declared the situation a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) in 2022 02 • Spread linked to close human-to-human contact, including sexual transmission 03 • Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipiscingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntut labore et dolore magna aliqua 04 www.yourwebsite.com

11. Public Health Response Global Response to Monkeypox 01 02 03 WHO's guidelines for monitoring and controlling outbreaks Public awareness campaigns on transmission and prevention Ongoing research into vaccines and treatments www.yourwebsite.com

12. The Summary Monkeypox is a serious disease with potential for widespread transmission Ongoing efforts are needed to monitor and prevent future spread Understanding symptoms, transmission, and prevention is crucial to controlling outbreaks Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipiscingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Point 01 Point 03 Point 02 Point 04 www.yourwebsite.com

13. Professional Doctors Team MEMBER NAME MEMBER NAME MEMBER NAME MEMBER NAME Lorem ipsum dolor Lorem ipsum dolor Lorem ipsum dolor Lorem ipsum dolor Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipiscingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipiscingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipiscingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipiscingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntut labore et dolore magna aliqua. www.yourwebsite.com

14. Thank you Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipiscingelit Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipiscingelit Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipiscingelit www.yourwebsite.com