American Housing Styles

1. American Housing Styles

3. Native American Homes Influences Environment Culture Characteristics Simple structures, dirt floors No windows or chimneys Dark and crowded Little furniture Possessions stored on shelves hung from walls

4. Native American Homes Wigwam Tepee Hunting/gathering Easily constructed Easily carried

5. Native American Homes Longhouse Iroquois Pueblos Spanish for villages Built on top of each other into cliffs and caves Adobe: sun-dried clay bricks Permanent homes

6. The First Colonists No shelter upon landing Had few tools and materials Followed native people examples Most were temporary Huts of bark and branches Shed like roofed house built into the side of a hill

7. Early American Period: 1640-1720 Permanent homes patterned after ones left behind Modifications made to suit weather conditions/terrain More people meant workforce became more specialized Local material used Wood in New England Local stone Brick making clay

8. English Settlements Half-timbered houses Wood frame of the house formed part of outside wall Spaces between beams filled in with brick or plaster Thatch roofs (bundles of reeds or straw) Huge chimney served one or more fireplaces Windows small: reduced heat loss and glass was expensive

9. English Settlements Simple rectangular design Central chimney Pitched roof (gabled roof) Ell-extension built at right angles to the length of structure added as families grew Little usable space on second floor Dormer windows added Allowed for interior space for full-sized rooms Northeastern Colonies: Cape Cod Houses

10. Salt-box Began as a two-story pitched roof house Need for extra space-added additional set of rooms along the back Roof line down to cover the addition Long slope similar to sloping cover on the wooden saltboxes used in colonial kitchens

11. Garrison House Second story that overhangs the first story First used on forts or garrisons to prevent attackers from scaling the walls

12. German Settlements German Mostly settled in Southeastern PA Large, durable houses of wood and quarry stone Entry into first-floor kitchen Some had an abbreviated roof or �hood� between 1st and 2nd stories

13. Dutch Settlements Dutch First settlements in New Amsterdam (NY) Stone and brick/ houses large by colonial standards Known for decorative brickwork and intricate stepped gables Distinctive roof: Gambrel Metal gutters, small windows with sliding shutters Dutch door-door divided in half horizontally

14. Spanish Settlements Florida and southwest Early homes built from coquina, a soft porous limestone composed of shell & coral Rectangular with balconies that faced the street Kitchens often separate Interior simple and whitewashed plaster walls, beamed ceilings, earthen floors Tile on roof

15. Spanish Settlements Southwest Adobe walls, flat roofs, rough-hewn beams projecting through the outside Walls and deep-set windows California Covered with adobe, brick, or stucco Stucco: plaster material made with cement, sand, lime Rounded archways and windows Red tile roofs

16. Swedish Settlements American log cabin has Swedish origins Primitive, small building Sometimes divided into 2 rooms with an attic above Originally roof was of bark or thatch Wood shingles used later Modified from one-room to two-rooms connected with breezeway Known as a dog-trot

17. Swedish Settlements

18. French Settlements St. Lawrence River Stone or wood with high, steep roofs common in French country Small closed windows with heavy wooden shutters Closed to protect the occupants from cold weather Mississippi Valley Adaptations made for hot and humid weather Porch added covered by a broad roof extending around the house Improved air circulation Usually white Rooms had many doors and windows for air flow

19. French Settlements Pictures