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pediatric prerpraton teeth fuukyuuuuulyshjkukyuulklyggg

pediatric dentistry

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pediatric prerpraton teeth fuukyuuuuulyshjkukyuulklyggg

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  1. Gingival Disease in Childhood

  2. Periodontium of the Primary Dentition • In the edentulous infant, the gingival tissues have thick gingival mucosa and segmentations that correspond with the primary buds. • A high labial frenum attachment is a normal finding in almost 85% of infants

  3. The tissues are pale pink • Stippling appears at about 3 years of age and has been reported for 56% of children between 3 and 10 years of age, with little differences between maxillary and mandibular arches or between boys and girls throughout childhood

  4. Gingival sulcular depth is shallower • Probing depths range from 1 to 2 mm, with increasing depth from anterior to posterior. • The attached gingiva varies in width Antero posteriorly, with a range of 3 to 6 mm. On the buccal surfaces, the width decreases from anterior to posterior, with some data indicating a narrowing over the canines.

  5. Radiographically, the lamina dura is prominent in the primary dentition, with a wider periodontal space than in the permanent dentition. • The marrow spaces of the bone are larger, and the crests of the interdental bony septa are flat, with bony crests within 1 to 2 mm of the cementoenamel junction

  6. Tooth Eruption

  7. Teething Primary Tooth Exfoliation

  8. Gingival Diseases of Childhood • Gingivitis is extremely common among children and adolescents, and it affects up to 70% of children who are more than 7 years old. • Inflammation is usually limited to the marginal gingiva The most prevalent type of gingival disease in childhood is chronic marginal gingivitis

  9. Calculus • Calculus deposits are uncommon in infants and toddlers, but they can increase with age. • 4-6 y : 9% • 7-9 y: 18% • 10-15y: 33-43% children with cystic fibrosis or chronic kidney disease have a higher incidence of calculus deposits, which can be caused by increased calcium and phosphate concentrations in saliva

  10. childhood gingivitis Eruption Gingivitis Puberty Gingivitis The most frequent manifestation of puberty gingivitis is bleeding and inflammation in interproximal areas 9 to 14 years old and then decreasing slightly after puberty • tooth eruption does not directly cause gingivitis, inflammation associated with plaque accumulation around erupting teeth, perhaps due to discomfort caused by brushing these friable areas, may contribute to gingivitis.10 The gingiva around erupting teeth can appear reddened because gingival margins have not yet keratinized fully and sulcus development is incomplete. Drug-Induced Gingival Enlargement can result from the use of certain drugs. Cyclosporine, phenytoin, and calcium channel blockers, which are used to treat conditions that are encountered during childhood (e.g., organ transplantation, epilepsy, cardiac anomalies), increase the prevalence of gingival enlargement

  11. Gingival Changes Related to Orthodontic Appliances gingival enlargement can be related to the presence of fixed orthodontic appliances, which complicate plaque removal 1 to 2 months of appliance placement.

  12. Mouth Breathing • Mouth breathing and lip incompetence, which are together referred to as an open mouth posture, are often associated with increased plaque and gingival inflammation. • The area of inflammation is often limited to the gingiva of the maxillary incisors • There is usually a clear line of demarcation where the gingiva is uncovered by the lip.

  13. Non–Plaque-Induced Gingival Lesions Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis Candidiasis Localized Juvenile Spongiotic Gingival Hyperplasia

  14. Periodontal Diseases of Childhood • Aggressive Periodontitis • Chronic Periodontitis Gingival Manifestation of Systemic Disease in Children • Endocrine Disorders and Hormonal Changes Type 1 or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus occurs more frequently in children and young adults than type 2 or non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. As with diabetic adults, gingival inflammation and periodontitis are more prevalent in affected children than in unaffected individuals.

  15. Conclusions • The periodontium of the primary dentition is different from that of the permanent dentition. Normal development can result in changes to the periodontium. • Plaque-induced gingivitis is very common in children, although it may be less intense than in adults. • With the exception of localized aggressive periodontitis, children rarely show signs of periodontitis. Some systemic disorders that are commonly associated with periodontal disease manifest initially during childhood.

  16. Refrence • NewmanMG,TakeiHH,KlokkevoldPR,CarranzaFA. Carranza’sClinicalPeriodontology.14thedition.Saunders Company. • GlickmanI.ClinicalPeriodontology.4thEdition.WBSaunders Company.

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