Traditional Neighborhood Developments (TNDs)

1. Traditional Neighborhood Developments (TNDs) What they are and how they will affect CSFD

2. What is a TND? • A new zone within the City of Colorado Springs. • Based on a pedestrian environment that is more people-oriented than auto-oriented. • East meets West (narrow streets seen in the Northeast United States, come to Colorado) • TNDs encourage a pattern of neighborhood development that was commonly built prior to World War II. (Old Colorado City and central Springs)

3. How will TNDs affect CSFD? Narrow Streets In order to facilitate a more pedestrian oriented zone, the most significant aspect affecting CSFD is narrow streets. Density of Structures/Residents Narrow streets coupled with tightly spaced structures and high numbers of residents create a unique challenge for emergency responders.

4. Why were TNDs allowed? The narrow street dimensions permitted within a TND are a far cry from what everyone has been accustom to throughout the majority of the City. With that being said, certain built-in design features, based on apparatus criteria, were incorporated into the TND ordinance which will allow emergency responders adequate access.

5. Criteria Used for Design Features • 8’4” maximum width for apparatus • 16’4” maximum width for extended outriggers • 42’4” maximum length • 33’ minimum inside turning radius • 48’ minimum outside turning radius • 13’6” minimum vertical clearance

6. Design Features (Intersecting TND Roadways of 28’ with Parking on Both Sides*) Remember!! These design features are only intended for intersecting streets of 28’ or less. *Not exactly to scale

7. Design Features Continued Reinforced Mountable Curbs All concrete in the curb returns are to be a minimum of 6-inches thick, 4,000psi, and be fiber reinforced. 6” thick, fiber-reinforced, mountable, concrete

8. Design Features Continued 15ft Obstruction Triangle No above ground obstructions such as fire hydrants, streetlights, trees or traffic signs are permitted within 15’ of an intersection of roadways 28’ in width or less. This, along with reinforced curbs and no parking zones are designed to allow apparatus to utilize curbs for their turning needs if the roadway is otherwise restricted.

9. Design Features Continued No Parking Zones At all intersecting streets of 28’ or less, 30’ no parking zones are designed to ensure adequate apparatus turning radii.

10. Design Features Continued No Parking Zones Continued... No parking is permitted within 20’ of the intersection of an alley and a TND roadway. This is regardless of the width of the roadway intersecting with the alley. The no parking zones are to be designated as “Fire Lanes” regardless if the roadway is private or public.

11. Design Features Continued Queing Areas (No Parking Zones) These are provided midblock (of blocks greater than 300’ in length) of streets 28’ or less in width for firefighting purposes. These areas are designated as “Fire Lanes.” (Striped or posted) They are designed to allow an area for aerial apparatus operations, since the narrow streets may not facilitate adequate clearance for the fully extended outriggers. (see slides #24, #25, #26)

12. Typical Street Layout Showing Attached Housing with 60-ft Queing Area* Townhomes/Row Houses or other attached Housing Townhomes/Row Houses or other attached Housing *Not exactly to scale

13. Narrow Street Sections - Alley • 16’ pavement/operating width • Concrete or pavement only; no gravel • No parking allowed (designated as fire lane) • 30’ clearance from garage face to garage face (no obstructions)

14. Alley Cross-section - 1

15. Alley Cross-section - 2

16. Alley Cross-section - 3

17. Narrow Street Sections - Lane • 22’ pavement width • Parking allowed on one side (opposite side designated as fire lane) • Anticipated 14’ operating width • Center queing (see previous slides) • Landscaping adjacent to queing must be approved by CSFD (nothing that will restrict aerial operations)

18. Lane Cross-section

19. Example of TND Lane (Ridge Road @ Temple) 21’ Width (TND Lane will be 22’) On 22’ wide roadways, parking will be allowed on one side as the picture depicts

20. Narrow Street Sections - TND Street • 28’ pavement width • Parking allowed on both sides • Anticipated 14’ operating width • Center queing (see previous slides) • Landscaping adjacent to queing must be approved by CSFD (nothing that will restrict aerial operations)

21. TND Street Cross-section

22. Example of TND Street (Chestnut @ Kiowa) 28’ Width On 28’ wide roadways, parking will be allowed on both sides as the picture depicts

23. Anticipated Limited Operating Spaceon TND Streets 2’ or 3’either side depending on apparatus placement

24. Anticipated Limited Operating Spaceon TND Streets Continued (28’wide street with vehicles parked tight to curb) No, the pickup wasn’t hit with the outriggers. But this highlights the need for Driver/Engineers to properly place the trucks so that outriggers may be fully extended.

25. Anticipated Limited Operating Spaceon TND Streets Continued 2’ or 3’either side depending on apparatus placement

26. Anticipated Limited Operating Spaceon TND Streets Continued

27. Narrow Street Sections - Neighborhood Street • 32’ pavement width • Parking allowed on both sides • Anticipated 18’ operating width • NO center queing

28. Neighborhood Street Cross-section

29. Narrow Street Sections - Avenue • Divided roadways similar to Cascade and Nevada north of Tejon • 24’ pavement width on each side of median • Parking allowed on one side Remaining roadways within TNDs are greater than the 34’ roadway width being used today.

30. Avenue Cross-section

31. Garages or In-Law Apts. TND Streets (parking both sides) Alley 30’ No Parking Zones 60’ Queing Area TND Lane (parking one side) Homes 20’ No Parking Zones Typical TND Block

32. Tactical Considerations(Not in any special order) • Utilize entire roadway. Turning radii should be adequate when using the entire roadway and not just the “proper” lane. • Anticipate arrival sequence. Most likely there will be times where driving past the structure (seeing 3 sides) and keeping the front open for the truck, prohibits the truck from maneuvering around the engine if they are coming from the opposite direction. • Address exposures. Due to the close proximity of adjacent structures, units arriving with heavy fire showing from the B and/or D sides will be presented with immediate exposure concerns.

33. Tactical Considerations • Utilize queing areas. Queing areas are designed for aerial operations. Granted, the structure on fire may be a few structures from the queing area, but with those blocks that have continuous attached housing, the queing area becomes an important operational aspect. • Anticipate equipment needed. Most likely, the last arriving units for a working fire or any units arriving thereafter (additional alarms), will not be able to position close to the fire building unless planned. Therefore, late arriving units should carry as much equipment from their apparatus as potentially needed. Additional alarms for labor may be necessary.

34. Tactical Considerations • Anticipate water demands. Considerations for adequate water supplies should be made early in an incident. It may be good practice to utilizing double lays regardless of size of fire, for every confirmed working fire. • Hydrant location familiarization. For streets 28’ in width or less, the hydrants will not be located on the corners of streets. Most likely they will be located 20’+ from the corners. This may play a role in establishing water supplies. • Increased ground ladder usage. Truck companies may not be positioned to be optimally utilized. Ground ladders will be needed to supplement the lack of aerial devices.

35. Tactical Considerations • Take advantage of fire protection systems.Under certain circumstances, fire protection systems (namely fire sprinkler systems and standpipes) may be required to potentially offset a given hazard or condition. In order for these systems to function properly, always remember to supply the FDC. • Increased use of preplans. Since the TND concept is new to CSFD, it will benefit company officers to become familiar with the street layout, building arrangement, construction type, hydrant locations, fire protection systems, FDC locations, special hazards/considerations, etc.

36. Tactical Considerations • Building addressing. Currently, there is no special addressing scheme for those homes that also have a granny/in-law apartment above the garage. Enumerations will assign those apartments above the garages a regular address. This means that 417 Sycamore Grove (as an example) may be for the main building or the accessory building (in-law apartment). All buildings should be addressed from both the main street and alley if applicable.

37. Inspection Considerations(Not in any special order) • Hold contractors/developers accountable. Since access is imperative for the success of TNDs, hold the contractors/developers accountable for building to the approved plans. • Start inspections early. Again, since access is imperative, inspections early on will ensure that adequate access is maintained throughout the construction process. • Establish fire lanes and hydrants. Section 8704 of the UFC requires that fire lanes and hydrants be in place prior to construction. Due to the inherent tight access, in-place approved fire lanes and hydrants are essential.

38. Inspection Considerations • Hydrant Marking. The TND ordinance allows CSFD the flexibility to require additional features. One of these features may be to require roadways along hydrants to be marked to 1) assist apparatus in locating hydrants and 2) help prevent vehicles parking in front of hydrants. • Require documentation. This is particularly critical for the reinforced concrete curbs in which our apparatus may use to make turns. The only way to ensure that these are designed as specified is to require signed documentation that states they are installed as specified.

39. Inspection Considerations • Seek approved plans. The approved set of development plans will have all locations of fire lanes and will define each street width as well as any other specialized design feature. • Review the TND ordinance. You will receive two copies of the TND ordinance (one for the office and the other for your vehicles). • Be familiar with Tactical Considerations. Chances are you will be asked questions from Operations. Knowing the tactical considerations and where the thought process came from in regards to TNDs will assist you in answering those questions.

40. Inspection Considerations • Building addressing. Currently, there is no special addressing scheme for those homes that also have a granny/in-law apartment above the garage. Enumerations will assign those apartments above the garages a regular address. This means that 417 Sycamore Grove (as an example) may be for the main building or the accessory building (in-law apartment). All buildings should be addressed from both the main street and alley if applicable.

41. Engineering Considerations • Placement of hydrants.Since certain street intersections rely on obstruction triangles for access, be sure to remove any proposed fire hydrants from these locations. • Hydrant Marking. The TND ordinance allows CSFD the flexibility to require additional features. One of these features may be to require roadways along hydrants to be marked to 1) assist apparatus in locating hydrants and 2) help prevent vehicles parking in front of hydrants.

42. Engineering Considerations • Building addressing. Currently, there is no special addressing scheme for those homes that also have a granny/in-law apartment above the garage. Enumerations will assign those apartments above the garages a regular address. This means that 417 Sycamore Grove (as an example) may be for the main building or the accessory building (in-law apartment). All buildings should be addressed from both the main street and alley if applicable. • Additional Fire Protection Features. There may be instances where the “built-in” features do not adequate address the hazard. The ordinance allows flexibility to require additional fire protection features.

43. New CSFD SOPs for TNDs?(Comic Relief) Photo NOT by Smitty

44. New CSFD SOPs for TNDs? (Comic Relief) Photo NOT by Smitty

45. Current TND Locations • Lowell Neighborhood (Station 1). This TND was approved by City Planning prior to the adoption of the TND ordinance. All structures within Lowell are fully sprinklered. Access may not be per previous slides. Currently under construction.

46. Lowell Neighborhood TND

47. Current TND Locations • Spring Creek (Station 8). This is the first TND that will be built per the new TND ordinance. Currently under construction.

48. Spring Creek TND

49. Current TND Locations • Colonial Park (Station 11). This is a small TND development that is designed per the TND ordinance. Currently under construction.

50. Colonial Park TND