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THE EARTH-SOL_EQUINOX

The North zone lies between North Pole (90-degree) and Arctic Circle whereas the South zone is between South Pole (90-degree) and Antarctic Circle.

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THE EARTH-SOL_EQUINOX

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  1. THE EARTH BY AKSHAY GURU

  2. The Earth Earth is the only known planet where life exists. Its surface area is covered with two-third of water that is why we call it a blue planet. In size, it is the fifth-largest planet. It is the largest terrestrial planet. The other terrestrial planets are Venus, Mars, and Mercury Only 3% of Earth’s water is fresh and 97% of it is salty. ● ● ● ●

  3. Earth is bulged out at equator and flattered at poles because of centrifugal force. It is slightly flattened at the poles, that is why its shape is described as a Geoid. Geoid means an earth-like shape. The earth spins at constant rate but rate of movement is different the equator is moving fastest and poles are not moving Geodesy is the science that studies the shape and size of the Earth ● ● ● ●

  4. Motions of the Earth The earth has two movements, rotation and revolution. ○ Rotation- A rotation is a circular movement of an object around a center (or point) of rotation. ○ A three-dimensional object rotates always around an imaginary line called a rotation axis. ○ If the axis is within the body, and passes through its center of mass the body is said to rotate upon it, or spin. Rotation causes days and nights. It takes 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4.09 seconds Earth rotates on its axis from west to east(counter-clockwise) ● ● ●

  5. Earth is spinning on its axis, it is revolving around the Sun in a counter-clockwise direction. It takes the Earth one full year to complete one full revolution around the Sun. This path is known as the Earth’s orbit. The mean distance of the Earth from the Sun is about 93 milling miles and the distance varies by 3 million miles, forming a slightly oval path. The revolution of the Earth around the Sun traverses a distance of 595 million miles in 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, and 9.5 seconds ● ●

  6. YOU KNOW WHY THERE IS A LEAP YEAR ?

  7. Earth rotates in an elliptical orbit around the Sun The orbit of the Earth around the sun is elliptical and not circular. Due to this, the distance between the Earth and the sun keeps changing. When this distance is minimum, the Earth is said to be in perihelion (around January 3), When the distance is the maximum, it is said to be in aphelion (around July 4) ● ●

  8. Latitudes The Parallel of Latitudes extends from the Equator to 90 degrees North Pole and 90 degrees South Pole. If the latitude are drawn at an interval of 1 degree, then in each of the hemispheres there will be 89 latitude lines that will add up to 179 total lines. They are mainly the east-west circles that connect all the locations of the Earth. The distance between two parallel latitudes is 111km. All the latitudes are parallel to the Equator. ● ● ● ● ●

  9. THINK FOR ? DO YOU FIND ANY RELEVANCE OF LATITUDE STUDY ?

  10. Geographical Zones on Earth Frigid Zones ● There are two frigid zones- North Frigid Zone and the South Frigid Zone. ● The North zone lies between North Pole (90-degree) and Arctic Circle whereas the South zone is between South Pole (90-degree) and Antarctic Circle Temperate Zones ● Again there are two temperate zones- North Zone lying between Arctic Circle and Tropic of Cancer, South Zone lying between Antarctic Circle and Tropic of Capricorn Torrid Zones ● The Torrid Zone lies between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn and is called Tropics. ● In this zone the sun passes directly overhead seasonally

  11. Longitudes Longitude is the east-west measurement of the prime meridian. There are 180 vertical east longitudes of the Prime Meridian and 180 vertical west longitudes of the Prime Meridian. Prime Meridian ● The line that passes through the Greenwich, British Royal Observatory is regarded as Prime meridian. ● It is the base Longitude which is 0 degrees from where 180 degrees east and west directions are considered ● ● ●

  12. THINK FOR ? WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF LONGITUDE STUDY ?

  13. Longitude and Time The Earth takes 24 hours time to complete one Rotation. The Sun takes 12 hours time to cross Eastern and Western hemispheres. The Sun crosses 15-degree of Longitude per hour in every four minutes of time There are a total of 24 time zones in the world ● ● ● ● Indian Standard Time The Indian Government has accep ted the meridian of 82.5° east for the standard time which is 5 hours 30 mins, ahead of Greenwich Mean Time ● ●

  14. The International Date Line where the date changes by exactly one day when it is crossed. A traveler crossing the dateline from east to west loses a day (because of the loss in time he has made), and while crossing the dateline from west to east he gains a day (because of the gain in time he encoun tered)

  15. SOLSTICE AND EQUINOX

  16. Equinoxes: Equinox refers to a day with an equal duration of day and night. We have two equinoxes in a year which are: ○ Spring equinox on March 20 ○ Autumnal equinox on September 22 Solstice: On the other hand, solstice refers to a day with either the longest day or the shortest. The two solstices in a year are: ○ Winter solstice on December 22 ○ Summer solstice on June 21 ● ● Equinox Solstice Time of the year when the sun is nearest to the equatorial plane giving equal lengths of day and night Time of the year when the sun is farthest from the equatorial plane resulting in long nights and days An equinox occurs at the start of the spring and fall The solstice occurs during the summer and the winter Happens twice a year Happens twice a year Occurs on March 20 (vernal equinox) and on September 22 (autumnal equinox) Occurs on June 21(Summer Solstice) and on Dec 22 (Winter Solstice)

  17. 2019 Q On 21st June, the Sun (a) does not set below the horizon at the Arctic Circle (b) does not set below the horizon at Antarctic Circle (c) shines vertically overhead at noon on the Equator (d) shines vertically overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn 2022 Q In the northern hemisphere, the longest day of the year normally occurs in the (a) First half of the month of June (b) Second half of the month of June (c) First half of the month of July (d) Second half of the month of July

  18. 2014 Variations in the length of daytime and nighttime from season to season are due to (a) The earth’s rotation on its axis (b) The earth’s revolution round the sun in an elliptical manner (c) Latitudinal position of the place (d) Revolution of the earth on a titled axis

  19. THINK FOR ? WHAT HAPPENS AT POLE DURING SOLSTICE - EQUINOXES ?

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