Referans

Slide 1:NederpopDicky Gilbers

Slide 2:What is Pop Music; what are the sources? 50s Rock and Roll No Dutch R ‘n’ R Radio Veronica Waves in Pop 60s -70s: The Dutch follow 80: “Pop in je moerstaal” 90: The Dutch lead: Dance & Gabber 2005: Nederpop State of Art

Outline

Slide 3:Pop = Popular Music definition 60 -70: music from and for young people in the eyes of admirers of serious music: foolishness that will pass it didn’t! not restricted to young people anymore

What is Pop Music ?

Slide 4:Why do we start Pop Music in the 50s? 50s: post-war prosperity; standard of life higher young people emancipate youth: physical maturity earlier; social maturity later more independent they are a new “audience” and they want their own sub-culture; their own clothes and music

What is Pop Music?

Slide 5:History Lesson: every time when a new audience emancipates, this is accompanied by a new kind of music: emancipation Christians: Gregorian music 10th -11th century: rise of nobility: secular music by troubadours 16th-17th century: rise of the upper middle classes: concerts; opera early 19th century: rise of the lower middle classes: light music; songs early 20th century: rise of the working classes: jazz 50s: rise of the adolescents: rock and roll; pop

Slide 6:New music should be simple, but different enough to be peculiar to the group; made by the same kind of people: simple, spontaneous adolescents enjoying life (Spectrum, Muzieklexicon Th. Willemze) simple, rebellious, exciting (Spectrum, Popmuziek, JvdPlas) early 50s: Jazz -just like classical music - had developed too far; the artistic level was too high for a large audience early 50s: The traditional commercial music (Doris Day-Frank Sinatra) was music for your parents Breeding ground for new music: Rock and Roll

Characteristics of ‘new music’:

Slide 7:

Rock ‘n’ Roll Little Richard

Slide 8:from 1900: Ragtime; Gospel; Blues & Folk

Pop Music: The Sources Southern States of USA

Slide 9:from 1900: Ragtime; Gospel; Blues & Folk ragtime developed into New Orleans and Chicago Jazz

Ragtime: classical harmonies; characteristic: virtuosity, syncopic piano playing Scott Joplin: The Entertainer Pop Music: The Sources

Slide 10:from 1900: Ragtime; Gospel; Blues & Folk

Gospel: religious, part-singing music; characteristic: question-answer singing Pop Music: The Sources John & Alan Lomax Recordings influence on doowop music

Slide 11:from 1900: Ragtime; Gospel; Blues & Folk

Blues: simple songs of lamentation, accompanied by guitar or piano (Southern states USA); characteristic: three chords; 12 bars; AAB lyrics Robert Johnson: Ramblin’ on my mind 1912-1938 Pop Music: The Sources developed into Rhythm & Blues

Slide 12:from 1900: Ragtime; Gospel; Blues & Folk

Folk: Originally, folk music on rhyme carried over from generation to generation; simple accompaniment Woody Guthrie (1940): Goin’ down the road feelin’ bad Pop Music: The Sources developed into Country & Western

Slide 14:1950: Rock ‘n’ Roll allegedly developed from Rhythm & Blues and Country & Western (Louis Jordan) (Hank Williams)

Rock ‘n’ Roll

Slide 15:..that is a simplification: Rock and roll was an inevitable outgrowth of the social and musical interactions between blacks and whites in the South and Southwest. Its roots are a complex tangle. (source: Rolling Stone History of R&R) Gospel influenced Blues Dutch participation? Blues influenced Folk Black pop and blues influenced Jazz, etc.

Rock ‘n’ Roll

Slide 16:

Rock ‘n’ Roll Chuck Berry Jerry Lee Lewis Carl Perkins Everly Brothers 1936-1959 Buddy Holly Little Richard

Slide 17:

1956-1958: Elvis Presley Jailhouse rock, 1957 Mystery train Colonel Tom Parker Dutchman: Andreas Cornelius Van Kuijk (1909-1997)

Slide 18:DJs Alan Freed & Dick Clark

National DJs brought R ‘n’ R to the youth (payola) Philadelphia American Bandstand 1953: Cleveland Radio: Moondog Show 1954: New York: WINS

Slide 19:Commercial R ‘n’ R

New music always starts as simple and exciting music

Slide 20:New music always starts as simple and exciting music As soon as this music seems to be marketable, the music industry interferes

Commercial R ‘n’ R

Slide 21:New music always starts as simple and exciting music As soon as this music seems to be marketable, the music industry interferes They get rid of the rough edges and the music will be brought tailor-made to the largest possible audience In 1959 the exciting R ‘n’ R was all over

Commercial R ‘n’ R

Slide 22:Early 60s

Fabian Annette Funicello Connie Francis DJ Dick Clark With Fabian, Brian Hyland, Frankie Avalon, Billy Fury, Bobby Vee, Annette Funicello, Eddie Hodges, Connie Francis, Ray Peterson, Lesley Gore, Cliff Richard, etc. back to the times of Doris Day

Slide 23:

The Netherlands

Slide 24:Pop in the Netherlands before ‘56

1920s: The Ramblers cf. The Big Bands of Duke Ellington and Count Basie Popular in the Netherlands in and after the war: Eddy Christiani Johnny & Jones Kilima Hawaians Eddy Christiani imported the first electric guitar

Slide 25:Dutch R ‘n’ R?

Radio didn’t play R ‘n’ R: no Alan Freeds & Dick Clarks No proper recording studios (American hits covered) The Fouryo’s Peter en zijn Rockets Ria Valk (no difference with e.g. Eddy Christiani) Peter Koelewijn 59

Slide 26:Indo Rock

Tielman Brothers (since 1956) Andy’s boogie The Blue Diamonds Till I kissed you (1960) Ramona Tielman Brothers The Hague Driebergen Indonesian bands brought exciting music to The Hague

Slide 27:Early 60s

Cliff Richard & The Shadows were quite popular Rob de Nijs & The Lords - Ritme van de regen (1963) Johnny Lion & The Jumping Jewels - Sophietje (1965) There were no teen stars; the artists were loved by young and old Dutch popmusic didn’t start in the 50s; it started in 1964 1962

Slide 28:Liverpool

G11sus4

Slide 29:Merseybeat 1962-1965

The Beatles The Swinging Blue Jeans The Searchers Gerry & the Pacemakers

Slide 30: February 9 1964: Beatles performed twice on the Ed Sullivan show March 1964: Billboard ‘Hot 100’ #1 Can’t buy me love #2 Twist and shout #3 She loves you #4 I want to hold your hand #5 Please please me

Beat Conquers the World Interest from the rest of the world including The Netherlands

Slide 31:

Beatlemania

Slide 32:Beat in The Netherlands

June 5 1964: Beatles in Holland performance in Blokker: 25 minutes first singles were no hits in the Netherlands; now Beatlemania end of 64: She loves you & I want to hold your hand were the first hits Willem Duys refused to let the Beatles perform on the famous Grand Gala du Disque show for Hfl. 1500 (too expensive) August 8 1964: Rolling Stones in Kurhaus after a couple of minutes they were forced to stop, because fans smashed up the furniture support act The Ricochets (Robbie van Leeuwen) a.o.

Slide 33:Radio Pirates

Radio: Dutch Public Radio Broadcast didn’t play R ‘n’ R however: Radio London Radio Caroline reached the Dutch youth

Slide 34:Radio Veronica

owners: Bull, Dirk & Jaap Verweij offshore station (Scheveningen) 1960: programming conventional broadcasting from international waters 1964: programme director Joost den Draaijer noticed the success of Radio Caroline & Radio London He got permission to set up a commercial radio station programming Pop Music Willem van Kooten (Joost den Draaijer)

Slide 35:Veronica

First Hitparade Jan. 1965 Beatles on 1 (I feel fine) Popular DJs: Lex Harding, Tineke de Nooij, Tom Collins, Rob Out They also played a lot of original Dutch Music (payola) Television

Slide 36:Beat from Holland

The Hague: Beat city #1 Golden Earrings The Hague Q65 Motions

Slide 37:

London 1965: Mods Carnaby street Twiggy Vespa Stax

Slide 38:Beat from Holland

The Hague Motions We fell in love (b-side) It’s gone (#39 in Top 40 for 1 wk) Wasted words Everything that’s mine (recorded in England) Why don’t you take it 64 65 66

Slide 39:Beat from Holland

Golden Earrings The Hague Please go That day Sound of a screaming day Dong-dong-diki-digi-dong Just a little bit of piece in my heart Not to find Started in 1961 Still Active Same Line up since 1969 65 66 67 68

Slide 40:Beat from Holland

Q65 You’re the victor The life I live Cry in the night (b-side) (cf. Pretty Things ) I despise you From above 65 66 67 The Hague

Slide 41:Beat from Holland

Zoeterwoude Voorburg Delft na-Na-na Capital punishment True love that’s a wonder flower power: Not just a flower in your hair We will be there after tea Joint house blues Love song to Mother Nature Hu & The Hilltops: Cry me a river Don’t you leave Tee Set After Tea Sandy Coast Shoes 71 The Hague & neighbourhood

Slide 42:Beat from Holland

Amsterdam ZZ & De Maskers Hunters Zen Ik heb genoeg van jou Dracula Brand new Caddilac Russian Spy and I Ik heb geen zin om op te staan flower power: Hair Johnny and his Cellar Rockers

Slide 43:Beat from Holland

Amsterdam Outsiders Lying all the time Thinkin’ about today (b-side) (Drums & Guitars speeded up) cf. Beatles Keep on trying That’s your problem (b-side) Touch 66 Relax label Willem Duys

Slide 44:Beat from the Province

Baarn Oude Pekela Eindhoven Such a cad I’ll go crazy Roadrunner Someday I’m somebody cf. Pretty Things

Slide 45:Flower Power

Most groups transformed from beat groups (1966) into flower power acts (1967) (or disappeared) Outsiders 1967: Summer is here Motions 1967: You’re my adee Les Baroques 1967: Love is the sun Groep 1950: Mother no head Dragonfly: Celestial dreams Mod Motions Flower Power Motions

Slide 46:Protest Songs

influenced by Bob Dylan Boudewijn de Groot: Welterusten meneer de President Het land van Maas en Waal Waterdrager Armand: Ben ik te min

Slide 47:Blues from Holland

Grollo Beverwijk ‘t Gooi Voorburg Margio When people talk Wang dang doodle cf. Blues Magoos Ridin’ on the L&N The Dutch Rolling Stones There was also a strong blues (rock) wave; influenced by John Mayall; John Lee Hooker; Willy Dixon, etc. Flavium

Slide 48:Blues from Holland

Grollo Zwolle You can’t leave the past behind Blues Dimension Get ready Somebody will know someday Distant smile Simple man Window of my eyes Sometimes

Slide 49: Soul from Holland

Rotterdam Swinging Soul Machine Free Spooky’s day off Lonesome tree Old Black Magic Keep in touch The Machine Casey & The Pressure Group

Slide 50:Palingpop

Volendam Sure he’s a cat One way wind Eels for Airplay

Slide 51: Hits from Holland 1970

Venus #1 in US #3 in Holland Tee Set - Ma belle amie George Baker Selection- Little green bag Shocking Blue 69 69 Jerry Ross Colossus Records

Slide 52: Hits from Holland 69-70

Venus (bubble gum) cf. Who Beatles The Big Three Mighty Joe cf. Everly Brothers Love Buzz cf. Nirvana Galaxy-Lin: no guitars Shocking Blue 69 70

Slide 53:From Down Under & The Hague

Easybeats (with Dutchmen Harry Vanda (Berg) & Dicky Diamond) Friday on my mind Good time 1966 Harry vd Berg: 1st Dutch composer with an international Beat-Hit

Slide 54: 1. It starts as simple, energetic, rebellious music 2. It develops: higher artistic levels 3. It gets too serious and too complicated for a large audience (cf. development of Jazz: )

Waves in Pop Exotic instruments in Pop: cf. Indian sitar in ‘Norwegian wood’ ‘Classic’ instruments in ‘In my life’ ?? Baroque

Slide 55:Progressive Rock

Pop Music changed fast: in the late sixties/early seventies progressive rock emerged hard-rock/blues rock: Cream-Led Zeppelin symphonic rock: Yes-Genesis folk rock: Fairport Convention-Strawbs Dutch bands followed

Slide 56:Symphonic Rock

Ekseption: Peace Planet cf. Nice/ELP Alquin: Wheelchair Groupie LA Rendez-vous Kayak: Mammoth Starlight Dancer Solution: Chappaqua Supersister: She was naked Earth & Fire: Seasons Wild and exciting 70 73 74 70 69 73

Slide 57:Progressive Rock

Melodic hard-rock: Down Man Dark Rose To you Between alpha and omega House of the king Hocus Pocus Sylvia 69 70 72 73

Slide 58:Progressive Rock

Kaz Lux: Miss Franklin Blues Eli (with Jan Akkerman) Tranquilizers

Slide 59:Early 70s Rock

Blue Planet - I’m going man I’m going Golden Earring became a very successful hard-rock group 1973: Radar Love 1982: Twilight Zone 70

Slide 60:Folk Rock

Looking for the constituent parts of R ‘n’ R separately CCC Inc.: Jigsaw Puzzle cf. Incredible Stringband Fungus: Kaap’ren Varen cf. Steeleye Span 71 75

Slide 61:“In je moerstaal” 70s

Bots Cornelis Vreeswijk Polle Eduard Pioneers

Slide 62:Veronica vs. Noordzee

Alarmschijf vs. Treiterschijf Publisher Nanada Music Publisher Basart owned by Van Kooten they co-owned Radio Noordzee it was possible to make deals with the commercial stations The Dutch Government wanted to close the stations down, but tolerated the pirates probably because of their popularity Willem van Kooten (Joost den Draaijer) Corruption

Slide 63:Veronica vs. Noordzee

Veronica paid Noordzee Hfl 1.000.000 to cease broadcasting They accepted, but continued broadcasting 1971: Attack on Radio Noordzee: engine room exploded it turned out to be by order of Bull Verweij, the director of Veronica The End: August 31st 1974 Bull Verweij Rob Out Also the end for a lot of the progressive Dutch Rock Bands Rivals

Slide 64:Hilversum III

Hilversum didn’t play ProgRock music Some bands changed their repertoire: BZN: from rock to commercial pop (cp) George Baker Selection: from Tex-Mex to cp Dizzy Man’s Band: from progrock to cp 70 66 76 74 it was not possible to make deals with the commercial stations (?) 72 75

Slide 65:Split Pop - Rock

Vandenberg joined Whitesnake Diesel not a hit in the Netherlands hit in America 80 70 78 74 Pop bands had the hits; Rock bands became more and more underground bands 82

Slide 66:International Hits

Bas Muys - the Dutch John Lennon Singer of the Dutch group Smyle - It’s gonna be alright (because they already had a hit record in the Netherlands, the English group Smile was forced to change their name) 80 77 76 producer Jaap Eggermond ex-Golden Earrings drummer

Slide 67:1976: superstars such as Mick Jagger, Rod Stewart & Elton John play soccer stadiums Symphonic Rock (Yes, Genesis, Camel) became boring: Rick Wake-me-up-when-it’s-over-man Commercial Disco is not meant for music lovers: I'm a dancing fool (Zappa) Economic and social crisis in England breeding ground for the punk revolution Panic for the generation who reacted from the music of the former generation and thought that pop music was theirs

State of affairs in 1976-1977 When pop music becomes too pretentious or commercial, there will always be a tendency for simplification: back to simple structures; simple chords and above all back to fun second generation conflict

Slide 68: Rock ‘n’ Roll has to be fun; street music no artistic pretensions

elementary, loud music aggressive lyrics Ripped clothes; colored hair; safety pins London

Slide 69: The Punk movement finished off most of the pretentious groups of the 70s: Pop magazines focus on New Wave and the trendy public drops bands such as Camel, Yes, Caravan, ELP, etc. (Dinosaurs)

1976-1977

Slide 70:Punk Revolution

cf. Romantics not another world war (punk) habba dabba wiri kiri (ska) pretpunk ’80s Ivy Green Urban Heroes The Meteors The Rousers Dutch Punk is underground music; not on Hilversum III; no hits Flying Spiderz Speedtwins Ferdinand Bakker (Alquin) Boegies 86

Slide 71:Groninger Springtij 78-79

White Honey: Nothing going on in the city Wild Romance: Rock ‘n’ Roll Junkie Saturday night Phoney & The Hardcore: Pick up New Adventures: Come on albums by Plant; Streetbeats; Boozy; Djinn ; Plot Pub Rock 78 79 79 79 79 Herman Brood By order of the municipality pubs had to close after midnight unless they had live music

Slide 72:Pub Rock vs. Disco

Vitesse Rosalin Powerplay Make it alone Gruppo Sportivo Superman Hey Girl Time Bandits Endless Road Fox the Fox Precious Little Diamond 77 78 82 82

Slide 73:Sweet d’Buster

Mr Albert Show Still believe It takes a lot of time No more cricket Transister: The Clock Traditional 78

Slide 74:Nits

Yes or No Tutti Ragazzi Nescio In the Dutch Mountains From New Wave to Typical European Art Rock 87 79 Merseybeat cf. Kraftwerk Tapes Mecano

Slide 75:

Doe Maar: Is dit alles Doris Day De Bom cf. Police Ska Frank Boeijen: Kronenburg park Het Goede Doel: België Toontje lager 82 Toontje lager 83 Tröckener Kecks 83 The Scene 90 “In je moerstaal” 80s

Slide 76:MTV

expensive clips; multi-media total products less chances for Dutch rock bands; low budgets 1981

Slide 77:80s

Fatal Flowers Bettie Serveert I Spy International Feel The Dutch This is Welfare Another Sunny Day Claw boys claw not on MTV or Hilversum III; no hits 1975: share national product in hitparade 30% 1989: 12% Weekend at Waikiki Social Security

Slide 78:Dialects

Normaal cf. Status Quo Skik cf. Booker T. Rowwen Hèze cf. Los Lobos Twarres De Kast 01 77 96 Skik Normaal Rowwen Hèze Twarres no international pretensions

Slide 79:“In je moerstaal” 90s-00s

Acda & De Munnik Marco Borsato René Froger Motown Rhythm André Hazes Commercial Pop on Hilversum III; hits Gerard Joling Gordon

Slide 80:“In je moerstaal” 90s-00s

Mag het licht uit Als ze er niet is Laat het vanavond gebeuren cf. Neville Bros De Dijk Van Dik Hout 94 94 Blöf cf. Counting Crows hard working bands

Slide 81: Dance

1988: House - Hiphop 1990: Techno 1992: Gabber 1993: 2 Unlimited 2001: DJ Tiësto 2 Unlimited Def Rhymz DJ Tiësto Postmen Ali B Osdorp Posse Brainpower Vengaboys (inter)national success third generation conflict

Slide 82:Cross-Over

Urban Dance Squad Fast Lane Deeper Shade of Soul cf. Run DMC 89

Slide 83:Cross-Over

Junkie XL + Elvis 02 international success

Slide 84:

State of Art

Slide 85: Complete Control

Star maker Idols Pop rivals Jamai 03 Boris 04 at this moment: back to 1960 1st Prize: #1 hit

Slide 86:Girl power 90s

Nobody’s wife Are U Kiddin’ me Ilse de Lange Total Touch Ellen ten Damme Anouk hope for the future 90 Candy Dulfer

Slide 87:Bands 00s

Caesar 04 The Yearlings Kane Di-rect Spinvis Independent labels: Excelsior Bands produce records on their own Club circuit seems dead

Slide 88:Gothic 1998

Lemming (pre Gothic) Within Temptation Subculture Image Sounds like 70s symphonic rock 74

Slide 89:

State of Art Waiting for new excitement Development of dance Cross-over Change Programming Public Radio Teach the Radio DJs New (Internet) Radio Stations

Slide 90:

State of Art Hyves/MySpace Sellaband: try to find “believers in you” (worldwide on the net) who’ll finance your album Major companies only sign acts if they share the rights on merchandising/gigs

Slide 91:NederpopDicky Gilbers

Popquiz

Slide 92:1962

Biggest hits in the Netherlands in 1962: Willy Scholten - Mexico Connie Froboess - Zwei kleiner Italiener Anneke Grönloh - Brandend zand ; Paradiso Early 60s

Slide 93:Television

Television: Youth Programs: tijd voor teenagers; tieners en twens; top of flop; tussen 10+ en 20- Herman Stok Radio