Turku – between three seas

1. Turku – between three seas Photo: Anne Saarenoja 2002

2. Turku

3. The oldest city in Finland with traditions dating back to the 1200s • Turku was the capital city of Finland for 600 years before Helsinki was made capital • The various regions of the Swedish realm were linked since the 1300s by the King’s Road, which ran from the town of Bergen on the Atlantic coast via Stockholm to Turku and across Southern Finland to St Petersburg • The Ox Road of Häme between Turku and Hämeenlinna was first used as a trade route in the 800s Photo: The King’s Road

4. Turku – where the seas meet • Maritime experiences • Maritime transport • Maritime industry • Maritime administration • Maritime safety • Maritime defence • Maritime education and training • Maritime history • Maritime environment

5. Photos: Turunmaan seutu ry Maritime experiences • The Turku archipelago comprises over 20,000 islands • The largest archipelago in Europe, with ten times over the number of islands in the Greek archipelago • The finest boating in the Baltic Sea and high-quality guest marinas • Exceptional setting also for fishing and camping • Explore Archipelago National Park with your own boat, make use of passenger vessels operating between the islands, or book a place on a conducted tour

6. Photo: Turun Tietokuva Oy Maritime transport • The majority of Finnish foreign trade is already transported by sea (over 90% of exports and nearly 70% of imports) • Turku-Naantali is one of Finland’s busiest cargo ports • The only train ferry service in Finland • The Port of Turku directly and indirectly provides employment to nearly 7,000 people

7. Photo: Turun Tietokuva Oy Maritime industry • Of the over 500 maritime sector businesses in the Turku sub-region, 335 are located in the city of Turku • A strong shipbuilding tradition • 25% of the world’s luxury cruise liners built over the past ten years • 14% of new shipbuilding in the EU (by turnover) • Mechanical Engineering Technology Centre Turku to open in 2005 • Meritech maritime technology centre to open in 2005

8. Photo: Turun Tietokuva Oy Maritime administration • Southwestern Maritime District • Finnish Road Enterprise, ferry shipping unit • Finstaship Shipping Enterprise, Archipelago Shipping Unit • Western Customs District, head office • Finnish Road Administration, Turku regional office • State Provincial Office of Western Finland • Southwest Finland Employment and Economic Development (TE) Centre

9. Photo: Turun Tietokuva Oy Maritime safety • Maritime rescue and surveillance, border surveillance and border controls, graving dock and towing services • West Finland Coast Guard • Maritime safety training in the archipelago town of Parainen • Turku plays a pivotal role in sea-air rescue (SAR) in the Baltic Sea • SAR workers • Turku University Hospital • Southwest Finland regional rescue service • Southwest Finland Medi-Heli, a free emergency medical helicopter service • Naval executive assistance unit planned to provide aid in emergencies The first visitors aboard Italian school ship Orsa Maggiore after docking were inspectors from customs and the Frontier Guard.– Turun Sanomat 26 July 2003 –

10. Photo: Turun Tietokuva Oy Maritime defence • Archipelago Sea Naval Command • Archipelago Sea Naval Battalion • Service centre responsible for maintenance and repairs • Naval Depot • Finnish Navy Band • Naval Research Centre, department of measuring and experimentation • Weapons systems and testing

11. Photo: Turun Tietokuva Oy Maritime education • University of Turku • Centre for Maritime Studies established in 1980 • Aquatic and environmental ecology • Åbo Akademi University • Environmental and marine biology • Environmental administration,politics and law • Baltic University Programme • Turku School of Economics and Business Administration • Department of Marketing, logistics programme introduced in 1999 • Business Research and Development Centre

12. Photo: Turun Tietokuva Oy Maritime training • Sydväst Polytechnic, Maritime Studies: • Master Mariner degree • Turku Polytechnic: • Mechanical engineering programme with an emphasis on naval architecture, the only training in this field available in Finnish • Turun ammattiopistosäätiö foundation: • Boat builder training • Airisto Center: • Maritime safety training • Finnish Institute of Fisheries and the Environment • Archipelago Research Institute

13. Photo: Turun Tietokuva Oy Maritime history • The oldest port in Finland, in operation continually since 1150 • On-going shipbuilding industry since 1737 • Seafaring institutes since 1813 • Round-the-year passenger ship traffic to Sweden since 1898 • The Åbo Akademi University Institute of Maritime Historywas established in 1936 • The first nautical vocational school in Finland started in 1961 aboard the frigate Suomen Joutsen (Swan of Finland) • Suomen Joutsen, now serving as a museum ship, is anchored on the shore of Aurajoki river in central Turku • Suomen Joutsen has also served as a cargo and school ship, a submarine base and a military hospital • Forum Marinum, the largest permanent maritime exhibition in Finland

14. Photo: Turun Tietokuva Oy Maritime environment • Marine and maritime environment research • Finnish Environment Institute, Baltic Sea research • Host of the Environmental Secretariat of the Union of the Baltic Cities • Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, Baltic Sea research and Turku office • Mareograph located on Ruissalo island off the coast of Turku since 1921

15. Murmansk Rovaniemi Kemi Luleå Oulu Skellefteå Umeå Vaasa Tampere Pori Oslo Turku Kotka St Petersburg Kapellskär Helsinki Tallinn Stockholm Riga Copenhagen Moscow Vilnius Hamburg Berlin Warsaw Advantageous location in the mainstream

16. Murmansk Rovaniemi Kemi Luleå Oulu Skellefteå Umeå Vaasa Tampere Pori Oslo Turku St Petersburg Kapellskär Kotka Helsinki Tallinn Stockholm Riga Copenhagen Moscow Vilnius Hamburg Berlin Warsaw Turku en route By sea • Turku–Mariehamn, Stockholm, Kapellskär • Southwest Finland is home to six other international ports besides Turku By air • Third largest airport in Finland • Daily direct flights to Helsinki, Stockholm and Copenhagen • 313,000 air passengers annually By train • 1.73 million train passengers and1.8 million tonnes of goods annually

17. Diverse business and administration structure • The fastest economic growth in Finland • The most diverse business structure in Finland, second only to Helsinki Metropolitan Area • GDP of Southwest Finland ranks second among all regions • Over 50% of Finnish ICT expertise and production is located in Southwest Finland • Share of industrial exports for Southwest Finland clearly above national average • Turku is one of the most popular locales for international conferences in Finland (2nd when measured by attendees)

18. Southwest Finland Over 32% hold an academic degree Third lowest unemployment rate in Finland (3/2004) Turku sub-region Fastest economic growth in continental Finland (2004) More than 130,000 jobs More than 14,000 companies, the third highest concentration of businesses in continental Finland, Degree of internationalisation among businesses higher than average Major industrial sector: metal industry City of Turku More than 93,000 jobs More new businesses are established in Turku than anywhere else in Finland Skilled labour – vibrant economy

19. 2020 2015 2010 European Capital City of Culture 2009 2008 2007 Meritech centre 2006 Union of the Baltic Cities, VIII General Conference 2005 Mechanical Engineering Technology Centre Turku, Arctic Research Laboratory Determined path for the future • “This involves a long-term programme in which binding decisions will be made fairly soon and their implementation will range up until the years 2011–2015.” – Mr Matti Vanhanen, Prime Minister 20 Jan 2004 –

20. Photo: Turunmaan seutu Even the vastest of seas is made up of individual droplets.