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Understanding the Central Nervous System: Brain and Spinal Cord

This chapter provides an overview of the Central Nervous System (CNS), comprising the brain and spinal cord. It details the development of the CNS from the neural tube in fetal stages and explores the four principal regions of the brain: the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brain stem. Each region's functions are highlighted, including the control of emotions, memory, coordination, and vital body functions. The spinal cord is described as a critical communication highway for nerve signals. Essential material for exam preparation is emphasized.

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Understanding the Central Nervous System: Brain and Spinal Cord

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  1. Chapter 7 Part II The Nervous System (pp. 215-228)

  2. Central Nervous System(CNS) • Your brain and spinal cord make up your CNS • During development of a fetus the CNS appears as a simple tube-called a neural tube. • Your brain is the complex mass of nerve tissue in the body.

  3. There are 4 Regions of your brain • Cerebral hemisphere • Diencephalon (die-an-ceff-o-lon) • Cerebellum • Brain Stem

  4. Cerebral Hemisphere5 facts • Speech. memory, logical, emotional responses, your consciousness, and voluntary movement are located here • The CB is separated by the longitudinal fissure • Larger then all the brain areas combined • Enclosed most of the brain stem • Entire surface is made up of ridges called Gyri (Ji rye) and grooves are called Sulci (sul cy)

  5. Diencephalon (interbrain)4 Facts • Thirst, appetite, sex, pain, and pleasure centers are located here. • Thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus are the three major structures • Hypothalamus regulates body temperature, water balance, and your metabolism. • Hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland.

  6. Cerebellum4 Facts • Is like an autopilot making sure that the brains wants to do with what is actually going on. • Controls our balance and provides precise timing to our skeletal muscles so we can move correctly and move smoothly and coordinated. • Located below your Cerebral hemisphere and looks like a cauliflower • Has two hemispheres

  7. Brain Stem3 facts • About the size of your thumb • Has three parts to it (midbrain, pons, and the medulla oblongata • Control your breathing and blood pressure

  8. Spinal Cord (2nd part of the CNS) • About 17 inches long • Is the “highway” that runs messages to and from the brain to your body • Has 31 pairs of spinal nerves that come out of it • Your spinal cord ends before it reaches your backbone because the bones grow faster then your spinal cord does.

  9. Be prepared for Exam on Thursday • Study and understand the material.

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