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Sustainable Design Wednesday, October 5, 2011

The Army Sustainable Design Policy A Mandate for Energy and Environmental Efficiency using ASHRAE 189.1 E. Nicole Campbell – Burgess & Niple, Inc. Sustainable Design Wednesday, October 5, 2011. The Army Sustainable Design Policy. Sustainable Design and Development Policy (SDD)

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Sustainable Design Wednesday, October 5, 2011

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  1. The Army Sustainable Design Policy A Mandate for Energy and Environmental Efficiency using ASHRAE 189.1E. Nicole Campbell – Burgess & Niple, Inc. Sustainable Design Wednesday, October 5, 2011

  2. The Army Sustainable Design Policy • Sustainable Design and Development Policy (SDD) • Update released 27OCT2010 • Reinforces construction guidelines and standards (EOs & MOUs) • Identifies three major principles of planning & design • Minimize Water Consumption • Optimize Energy Efficiencies and Performance • Utilize Renewable Energy • Establishes Minimum Facility Design requirements • Outlines Federal Leadership in High Performance and Sustainable Buildings Implementation Plan • Requires LEED Silver Certification by GBCI • Defines Army Vision for Net Zero • Net Zero Water • Net Zero Energy • Net Zero Waste • MandatesASHRAE 189.1 minimum performance compliance • when feasible

  3. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 • ASHRAE 189.1-2009: Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings • American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE) • First code-intended commercial green building standard in the U.S. • Minimum requirements for high-performance green buildings • (except low-rise residential) • Used in conjunction with ASHRAE 90.1 (energy standard) • Collaborative development process co-sponsors: • U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) • Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IES)

  4. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 Std 189 • Business & Industrial Furniture Manufacturers Association • Illuminating Engineering Society • American Society of Mechanical Engineers • American Society for Testing & Materials • Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Comfort • Ventilation for Acceptable Air Quality • Energy Efficient Design • Commissioning • U.S. Green Building Council • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency • U.S. Department of Energy • California Department of Health Services Building Blocks of ASHRAE 189.1 CA DHS EHLB R-174 Std 62.1 Std 90.1 Std 180 Std 55 Guideline 0 BIFMA ASTM US DOE US EPA USGBC IES ASME Green Seal

  5. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 ASHRAE 189.1 LEED 2009 SS SS Sustainable Sites Sustainable Sites Sustainable Sites WE WE Water Efficiency Water Efficiency Water Efficiency EE EA Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency Energy & Atmosphere IEQ IEQ Indoor Environmental Quality Indoor Environmental Quality Indoor Environmental Quality Building’s Impact on the Atmosphere, Materials & Resources Building’s Impact on the Atmosphere, Materials & Resources MR MR Materials & Resources Innovation in Design Regional Priority CO ID RP Construction & Operations Plans Construction & Operations Plans • Six categories addressing ALL aspects of green building Design and Construction • Complement to green building rating systems like LEED® Topic Areas

  6. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 (simple option, few calculations) + Mandatory Mandatory OR Performance Path Prescriptive Path (criteria requiring compliance) (more options, but more effort) • Mandatory criteria in all topic areas • Simple Prescriptivecompliance options • Flexible Performancecompliance options Compliance Options

  7. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Site Selection • Site Development • Heat Island Effect • Light Pollution Sustainable Sites • Site Selection • Promotes use of brownfield and greyfield sites • Limited use of greenfield sites • < ½ mile to transit, 10 basic services, or residential area with population density > 10 units/acre • Prohibits use of flood plains, wetlands, and habitat conservation area Mandatory Greenfield Sites include undeveloped land used for agriculture, landscape design, or left in it’s natural condition Brownfield Sites are abandoned or underused sites with real or perceived environmental contamination Greyfield Sites are underperforming or declining properties problematic for urban development and economic growth

  8. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Site Selection • Site Development • Heat Island Effect • Light Pollution Sustainable Sites • Mitigation of Heat Island • Site Hardscape – 50% compliance • SRI 29 or greater hardscape, vegetation, shading from structures, underground parking • Roofs • SRI Requirements (low-slope and steep-slope) • EPA Energy Star criteria Mandatory Green Roofs help lower urban air temperatures and combat the heat island effect. Pervious Hardscape is an example of Best Management Practices (BMP) for stormwater runoff

  9. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Site Selection • Site Development • Heat Island Effect • Light Pollution Sustainable Sites • Reduction of Light Pollution • Limits on tradable surfaces based on Lighting Zone (LZ) • Cutoff requirements and limits on allowable Backlight and Glare • Limits on light trespass and uplight Mandatory Luminaire Cutoff Requirements minimizes light pollution by directing light to hardscape surfaces and reduces energy waste Light Pollution over large urban areas is visible from space Light Pollution from urban and suburban development obscures the night sky and disrupts ecosystems

  10. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Site Selection • Site Development • Heat Island Effect • Light Pollution Sustainable Sites • Prescriptive Option: Site Selection • 40% Entire Site compliance using any combination: • Vegetated (12” minimum growing medium) • Vegetated roof (3” minimum growing medium) • Porous Pavers or Permeable Pavement • Performance Option: Site Selection • Stormwater compliance based on building and site types: • 20% average rainfall in development footprint managed by infiltration, reuse, ET (existing building) • 40% average rainfall in development footprint managed by infiltration, reuse, ET (new building on greyfield/brownfield site) • 50% average rainfall in development footprint managed by infiltration, reuse, ET (all other sites) Prescriptive Performance

  11. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Site Water Use Efficiency • Building Water Use • Efficiency • Water Monitoring Water Efficiency • Site Water Use • Landscape Design: 60% minimum bio-diverse plantings • Irrigation Design: Hydrozoning required • Smart Controller using ET and weather data required Mandatory Bio-diverse plantings involves planting a variety of indigenous plant species to promote diversity Hydrozoning groups plants by their water, soil, and exposure needs Smart Irrigation eliminates wasted water by using real-time weather data to adjust irrigation schedules

  12. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Site Water Use Efficiency • Building Water Use • Efficiency • Water Monitoring Water Efficiency • Building Water Use Reduction • Plumbing Fixtures: reduced flow and flush rates • (40% lower than U.S. EPAct 1992) • Appliances: Energy Star (residential) / Water Factor compliant Mandatory Water Conserving plumbing fixtures and appliances contribute to significant water savings EPA Energy Star appliances contribute to water savings and trend towards Water Factor compliance

  13. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Site Water Use Efficiency • Building Water Use • Efficiency • Water Monitoring Water Efficiency • Building Water Use Reduction (continued) • HVAC Systems and Equipment – maximum cycles of • concentration for cooling towers and condensate • recoverysubsystems • Roofs – potable water use restrictions for roof spray systems • and irrigation of vegetated roofs past plant establishment • Section 6.3.3 – Water Consumption Management • Management, collection, storage and • retrieval of water consumption data (meters) Mandatory Mandatory Metering Components allow for the storage, collection, and retrieval of water use date

  14. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Site Water Use Efficiency • Building Water Use • Efficiency • Water Monitoring Water Efficiency • Performance Option 1: Site Water Use Reduction • Potable water for irrigation limited to 35% • of demand (based on climatic region) Performance Precipitation, as evaluated by the Natural Resources Conservation Service, influence irrigation limits for climatic regions Irrigation practices for agriculture Site Water Use includes special water features (fountains) which are required to be from a non-potable source for 6.5.1

  15. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Site Water Use Efficiency • Building Water Use • Efficiency • Water Monitoring Water Efficiency • Performance Option 2: Building Water Use Reduction • Total annual interior water use less than or equal to water use achieved by mandatory requirements Performance Building Water Use includes laboratory equipment and specialty commercial appliances like the Cardinal Health Automatic Autoclave and Hobart OptiRinse flight-type dishwasher

  16. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Energy Efficiency • Peak Load Reduction • On-Site Renewable • Energy Measuring Energy Efficiency • On-site Renewable Energy Systems • Compliance with ASHRAE 90.1 • Provide space and pathways for installation of future on-site renewable energy power systems • Minimum rating of 3.7 W/ft2 multiplied by the total roof area • Peak electrical generating capacity not less than 1% of electrical service load Mandatory Geothermal Energy Maps are visual summaries of expected energy output (MWh/m2) based on geographic location Wind and Photovoltaic Systems are accepted methods of on-site renewable energy production Solar Energy Maps are visual summaries of expected energy output (kWh/kW-yr) based on geographic zone

  17. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Energy Efficiency • Peak Load Reduction • On-Site Renewable • Energy Measuring Energy Efficiency • Energy Consumption Management • Management, collection, storage and • retrieval of energy consumption data (meters) • Required for each energy supply source to the building • Gas, Electric, District Energy Mandatory Energy Management controls like those produced by E-Mon D-Mon offer management, collection, storage, and data retrieval as required by ASHRAE 189.1

  18. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Energy Efficiency • Peak Load Reduction • On-Site Renewable • Energy Measuring Energy Efficiency • Prescriptive Option: Energy Efficiency • Compliance with ASHRAE 90.1 plus 30% energy savings • On-Site Renewable Energy Systems • Annual energy production = 6 Kbtu/ft2 of conditioned area • Building Envelope Performance Requirements • Envelope • Insulation • Vertical Fenestration • Projections • SHGC • Orientation • Continuous Air Barrier Overhang Prescriptive DOE US Climate Zone Map

  19. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Energy Efficiency • Peak Load Reduction • On-Site Renewable • Energy Measuring Energy Efficiency • Vertical Fenestration area < 40% gross wall area • West, South and East permanent projections for • vertical fenestration and orientation

  20. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Energy Efficiency • Peak Load Reduction • On-Site Renewable • Energy Measuring Energy Efficiency • Prescriptive Option: Energy Efficiency (continued) • Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning • Higher Equipment Efficiencies (ASHRAE 90.1 baseline) • Fan Power to be 10% less (ASHRAE 90.1 baseline) • Energy recovery for exhaust air Prescriptive

  21. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Energy Efficiency • Peak Load Reduction • On-Site Renewable • Energy Measuring Energy Efficiency • Prescriptive Option: Energy Efficiency (continued) • Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning • Economizer cycle for units > 33,000 Btu/h • ASHRAE 90.1 Duct Seal Level A throughout • Demand Control Ventilation for densely occupied spaces • Service Water Heating • ASHRAE 90.1 compliance • Additional pipe insulation Prescriptive ASHRAE 90.1 Table 6.2.4.3B Duct Seal Levels Demand Control Ventilation provides the right amount of ventilation at the right time and place based on facility use An Economizer exchanges heat and improves efficiency

  22. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Energy Efficiency • Peak Load Reduction • On-Site Renewable • Energy Measuring Energy Efficiency • Prescriptive Option: Energy Efficiency (continued) • Power – Peak Load Reduction • Automatic demand limiting to reduce peak demand by no • less than 10% projected peak demand • Lighting • Occupancy sensor controls with multi-level switching or dimming • Interior lighting power: 10% less than ASHRAE 90.1 • Building security or emergency egress ≤ 0.1 W/ft2 • Automatic controls for lighting in daylight zones Prescriptive Occupancy Sensor Controls

  23. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Energy Efficiency • Peak Load Reduction • On-Site Renewable • Energy Measuring Energy Efficiency • Performance Option: Energy Efficiency • Annual Energy Cost • CO2e Carbon Dioxide equivalent • Load Factor/Peak electrical demand • Verified through Commissioning Performance Energy Efficiency For All Performance Criteria Proposed ≤ mandatory plus prescriptive ASHRAE 189.1 Table 7.5.3-1 CO2e Emission Factors

  24. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Indoor Air Quality • Environmental Tobacco • Smoke Control (ETS) • Outdoor Air Delivery • Monitoring • Thermal Comfort • Building Entrances • Acoustical Control • Daylighting • Low-Emitting Materials Indoor Environmental Quality • Indoor Air Quality • Compliance with ASHRAE 62.1 • Minimum Ventilation Rates • Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring • Monitoring of minimum outside air • CO2 monitoring in densely occupied mechanically • ventilated and naturally ventilated spaces Mandatory Air and Ventilation flow diagram for an office setting Wall Mounted CO2 meter with audible alarm

  25. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Indoor Air Quality • Environmental Tobacco • Smoke Control (ETS) • Outdoor Air Delivery • Monitoring • Thermal Comfort • Building Entrances • Acoustical Control • Daylighting • Low-Emitting Materials Indoor Environmental Quality • Indoor Air Quality (continued) • Filtration and Air Cleaner Requirements • MERV 8 filter • MERV 13 in PM2.5 non-attainment areas • Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control • Building Entrances equipped with source • containment control (walk-off mats) Mandatory Areas of Non-Attainment require MERV 13 filtration as air quality is consistently below accepted standards No Smoking inside the building is an ETS Control requirement Source Contaminant Control using recessed 1” aluminum grate system

  26. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Indoor Air Quality • Environmental Tobacco • Smoke Control (ETS) • Outdoor Air Delivery • Monitoring • Thermal Comfort • Building Entrances • Acoustical Control • Daylighting • Low-Emitting Materials Indoor Environmental Quality • Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy • Compliance with ASHRAE 55 using • Activity Met rates, Clothing, Relative Humidity, • Operative Temperatures • Acoustical Control • STC values for interior and exterior assemblies • Exterior & Interior Sound • Outdoor-Indoor Transmission and Sound • Transmission Class • Daylighting by Toplighting • Minimum Daylight Zone by Toplighting • Skylight Characteristics Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory ASHRAE 55 - Acceptable range of operative temperatures and humidity

  27. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Indoor Air Quality • Environmental Tobacco • Smoke Control (ETS) • Outdoor Air Delivery • Monitoring • Thermal Comfort • Building Entrances • Acoustical Control • Daylighting • Low-Emitting Materials Indoor Environmental Quality • Prescriptive Option: Indoor Environmental Quality • Daylighting by Sidelighting • Minimum Effective Aperture, Office Space • Shading, Surface Visible Light Reflectance • Material Use • Adhesives and Sealants • Paints and Coatings • Floor Covering Materials • Composite Wood, Structural Panels, Agrifiber • Office Furniture Systems and Seating • Ceiling and Wall Systems Prescriptive Daylighting by Sidelighting Volatile Organic Compounds contribute to poor air quality and “sick building” syndrome

  28. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Indoor Air Quality • Environmental Tobacco • Smoke Control (ETS) • Outdoor Air Delivery • Monitoring • Thermal Comfort • Building Entrances • Acoustical Control • Daylighting • Low-Emitting Materials Indoor Environmental Quality • Performance Option: Indoor Environmental Quality • Daylighting Simulation • Direct Sun Limitation on Work surfaces in Offices • Materials Emissions Performance Daylighting Simulation Material Emissions (VOCs) • IAQ Modeling of Office Furniture • Systems and Seating (VOCs) • Material testing • Compliant with VOC limits of • CDHS California Section 01350 • Physical model or • Computer model • Regularly occupied spaces • Minimum illuminance • Direct sunlight limitations

  29. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Impact on Atmosphere • Materials & Resources • Construction Waste • Management • Refrigerants • Storage & Collection of • Recyclables • Reduced Impact • Materials Materials & Resources • Construction Waste Management • Minimum 50% Diversion • Including recycling and reuse • Total Waste Limits • Not to exceed 12,000 pounds per 10,000 ft2 • Extracting, Harvesting, and/or Manufacturing • Laws and regulations of country of origin • No endangered wood species • Refrigerants • No CFCs in HVAC+R • No Ozone Depletion substances in fire • suppression systems (CFCs, HCFCs, Halons) Mandatory Mandatory Mandatory Construction Waste Management requires diversion of waste from landfills and incinerators

  30. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Impact on Atmosphere • Materials & Resources • Construction Waste • Management • Refrigerants • Storage & Collection of • Recyclables • Reduced Impact • Materials Materials & Resources • Storage and Collection of Recyclables/Discarded Goods • Dedicated area for collection and storage of • non-hazardous materials (paper, metal, glass, plastic) • Reusable Goods (Residential Only) • Dedicated area for collection and storage of • Fluorescent and HID Lamps/Ballasts Mandatory

  31. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Impact on Atmosphere • Materials & Resources • Construction Waste • Management • Refrigerants • Storage & Collection of • Recyclables • Reduced Impact • Materials Materials & Resources • Prescriptive Option: Materials & Resources • Minimum 10% Recycled Content • Minimum 15% Regional Materials • Minimum 5 % Bio-Based Products • Minimum 60% Certified Wood • *Permanently installed materials excludes mechanical, electrical, plumbing, • fire-safety, and transportation • Performance Option: Materials & Resources • Life-Cycle Assessment for materials that need to be • replaced during the life of the building: structural, • building envelope, and hardscape Prescriptive Performance

  32. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Construction • Durability • Transportation • Indoor Air Quality • Plans for Operation • Commissioning • M&V • Energy Use Reporting Construction & Operation • Construction • Building Acceptance Testing (HVAC and Lighting) • Building Project Commissioning • Fundamental Commissioning if > 5,000 ft2 • Erosion and Sediment Control (ESC) • Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Construction Management • Duct cleanliness, moisture protection, air containments • Building flushout or air quality testing • Moisture Control • Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Mandatory Erosion and Sediment Control and SWPPP control measures

  33. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Construction • Durability • Transportation • Indoor Air Quality • Plans for Operation • Commissioning • M&V • Energy Use Reporting Construction & Operation • Construction • Measurement and Verification Plan • Tree & Vegetation Shading • Water Consumption • Energy Consumption • Certification of lamp and ballast recycling • Verification/Testing of air monitoring strategies • Completed prior to 100% DD • Owner responsible for implementation Mandatory

  34. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 SS WE EE IEQ MR CO • Construction • Durability • Transportation • Indoor Air Quality • Plans for Operation • Commissioning • M&V • Energy Use Reporting Construction & Operation • Plans for Operation • High Performance Building Operation Plan for SS, • WE, EE, IEQ • Maintenance Plan (MEP + F) • Service Life Plan - repair/replacement estimates for structural, • building envelope, and hardscape • Transportation Management Plan (TMP) • 15% reduction in vehicle trips in 5 yrs (target) • Preferred parking for carpool/vanpools • Bicycle transportation plan Mandatory Transportation Management Plans include preferred parking for car/vanpool vehicles Bicycle Transportation Plans are required as part of a facility’s TMP

  35. ASHRAE 189.1-2009 • ASHRAE 189.1-2009: Recap • First code-intended commercial green building standard in the U.S. • Minimum requirements for high-performance green buildings • (except low-rise residential) • Used in conjunction with ASHRAE 90.1 (energy standard) • Six Topic Areas • Compliment to green building rating systems (LEED®) • Mandatory compliance requirements • Prescriptive Options • Performance Options SS WE EE IEQ MR CO

  36. The Army Sustainable Design Policy • Beyond 2012 • Things to Consider • Overlap between code compliance requirements and sustainable rating system benchmarks reinforce the DoD sustainability message and “add layers to the onion.” • Similarities between code requirements (189.1) and rating system benchmarks (LEED) • “triple-bottom-line-plus” message of mission, environment, community and economics • Owner Program Requirements will need to change to match new baselines • FMWRC preferences may preclude compliance for some water savings efforts (CDCs) • Conflicts between OPRs, code, and future green building rating system requirements will affect design and construction efforts • Revised LEED requirements slated for release Fall 2012

  37. The Army Sustainable Design Policy • Beyond 2012 • Things to Consider • Proposed LEED 2012 requirements continue to use ASHRAE 90.1 which requires design teams to augment the energy efficiency efforts with ASHRAE 189.1 to satisfy Owner requirements. How will energy conversions be made between to accommodate Owner performance minimums using 189.1 while preserving energy savings at LEED levels. • LEED is dynamic and will continue to evolve on the two-year cycle. Advancements and technical revisions to the Ratings Systems may not align with SDD goals throughout the duration of the policy.

  38. “High-Performance buildings are critical to cost effective life cycle management of our infrastructure and national energy security. Maintaining access to vital resources, including energy, water, and the environment is vital for accomplishing the Army’s global missions.” - Ms. Katherine Hammack, Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Energy and the Environment Photo Credits (Clockwise from upper left): view from space by Vladislav Gurfinkel/Shutterstock; soldier by Daniel Bendjy/iStock.com; honor guard by Helene C. Stikkel; wind farm by BESTWEB/Shutterstock.com; parched earth by Andrea Lehmkuhl/Shutterstock.com; flag by Sergey Kamshylin/Shutterstock.com.

  39. QUESTIONS? Contact Information:

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