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CFC Phaseout Implications for Commercial Cooling

CFC Phaseout Implications for Commercial Cooling. Presented by Marie Broadwell US Environmental Protection Agency, Region IX (415) 744-1174 broadwell.marie@epa.gov. Alphabet Soup. CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons HCFCs Hydrochlorofluorocarbons HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons.

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CFC Phaseout Implications for Commercial Cooling

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  1. CFC Phaseout Implications for Commercial Cooling Presented by Marie Broadwell US Environmental Protection Agency, Region IX (415) 744-1174 broadwell.marie@epa.gov

  2. Alphabet Soup CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons HCFCs Hydrochlorofluorocarbons HFCs Hydrofluorocarbons • Release of these refrigerants to the atmosphere causes • - Ozone depletion • - Global warming

  3. Common Refrigerant Applications CFC-11 Centrifugal Chillers (low pressure) CFC-12 Automotive Air Conditioning Residential Refrigeration Commercial Refrigeration Centrifugal Chillers HCFC-22 Unitary A/C & Heat Pumps (Residential & Commercial) Screw Compressors Centrifugal Chillers (high pressure) HFC-134a Centrifugal Chillers Reciprocating Chillers Automotive A/C Residential & Commercial Refrigeration

  4. EPA Recycling Regulations • Purge losses OK, venting isn’t • Refrigeration technician certification • Recovery and recycling required • Refrigerant record keeping • Safe disposal requirements • Enforcement underway VENTING

  5. EPA Stratospheric Ozone Hotline & Web Site http://www.epa.gov/ozone Hotline: 1-800-296-1996

  6. What is the CFC Phaseout? • U.S. response to stratospheric ozone depletion • 1990 Clean Air Act • CFC & HCFC production phaseouts • Mandatory refrigerant recycling • Significant New Alternatives Program (SNAP)

  7. CFC Phaseout Schedule CFC production halted January 1, 1996

  8. HCFC Phaseout Schedule Year 2003 2010 2020 2030 HCFC-141b HCFC-22 (new equipment) HCFC-22 (existing equipment) HCFC-123 (new equipment) HCFC-123 (existing equipment)

  9. What about HFCs? • HFCs Are Ozone-Safe • HFCs Contribute to Global Warming No HFC Phaseout Scheduled

  10. How Does the CFC Phaseout Affect Me? • No more CFC production • CFC shortages are here • Many CFC chillers still not converted • Large amounts of money at stake

  11. Conventional Wisdom:Concentrate only on refrigeration systems • Designate a facility refrigerant manager • Conduct inventory of equipment and refrigerants • Develop a refrigerant management plan

  12. Designate a Refrigerant Manager • Responsibility • Knowledge • Authority • Resources • Support

  13. Prepare an Inventory • List chillers & refrigeration equipment, age, refrigerant type, condition • Monitor the amount of refrigerants bought & used • Evaluate leakage rates

  14. Develop an Action Plan • Define responsibilities of key personnel • Develop a CFC policy • Decide what to do with each piece of equipment • contain, retrofit or replace?

  15. CFCs Containment of CFC’s • You may have CFCs in stock • Conserve CFC’s • regular equipment maintenance • leak repair • install high-efficiency purge units • Immediate strategy for all equipment

  16. Conversion of Equipment • Substitute refrigerants CFC-12 HFC-134a CFC-11 HCFC-123 HCFC-22 HCFC-407c • Not “drop-in” substitutes • Modification to equipment & operation usually required • Refer to SNAP list for acceptability

  17. Replacement of Equipment • Appropriate for equipment near end of its life • Gives wide choice of refrigerants & technologies • Don’t just design a new chiller, design a new chiller plant • Chillers make up 60% of connected load • Cooling towers, fans, & pumps make up 40% of load Cooling end-use: 15% Chiller end-use: 9% (% of electrical energy)

  18. Beyond Conventional Wisdom:The CFC Phaseout Is an Opportunity • To better understand your entire building system and current chiller stock • Energy audit • Quantify your cooling energy use • To reduce cooling loads in your building • To “right-size” your equipment

  19. The Big Opportunity:Integrated Chiller Retrofit Carefully consider the interaction of all building systems - it makes “Cool $ense”

  20. Voluntary Government Programs DOE Rebuild America www.eren.doe.gov/buildings/rebuild 1-800-DOE-EREC EPA Energy Star Buildings www.epa.gov/appdstar/buildings 1-888-STAR-YES community-based program building owner-based program

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