1 / 14

Presentation2

squinting of eyes

Mukarram2
Download Presentation

Presentation2

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Squint or Strabismus Also known as Heterotropia

  2. It is an ocular misalignment that results from an imbalance in the extraocular muscles functioning which results in deviation of one or both eye abnormally.

  3. TYPES Direction Phoria – tendency for the eye to turn when disturbances in binocularity Tropia – condition of full time eye misdirection • Esotropia – turning in • Exotropia – turning out • Hypertropia – turning up • Hypotropia - turning down Gaze ComitantStrabismus: is a deviation that is the same magnitude regardless of gaze position. IncomitantStrabismus has a magnitude that varies as the person shifts his or her gaze up, down, or to the sides.

  4. Etiology • Usually associated with childhood • Weak extra ocular muscles – unknown reasons • Adults will have after an injury, brain tumor, head trauma, stroke, retinal detachment repair, Infections • An estimated 2% to 3% of the general population have some degree of strabismus

  5. Pathophysiology • The six muscles that attach to each eye move the eyes and align them with each other : CN III(MR+IR+IO+SR), CN IV(SO),CN VI(LR) • When these muscles do not work in a co-ordinated fashion due to causes like weakness in muscles(Traumatic forcep delivery/ICP CN VI) • Loss of alignment • Strabismus

  6. Esotropia: الحول الإنسي Exotropia:الحول الوحشي • Differential Diagnosis: • Pseudo Strabismus • Retinoblastoma

  7. Cover test • Patient focus on a near object • A cover is placed over an eye for a short period then removed while observing both eyes for movement • Lazy eye will deviate inwards or outwards

  8. Management • Diagnosed by physical examination • Cover testing • Corneal light reflex (Hirschberg test)

  9. Management • Glasses with prisms (A prism is a clear, wedge-shaped lens that bends, or refracts, light rays) can realign the eyes and restore binocular vision • Patching the good eye to strengthen the poorer seeing eye is the initial treatment of choice • Eye exercises to strengthen the weak muscles – not proved but still trying

  10. Surgical Management • Surgical correction is the standard treatment • Surgery conducted as an outpatient procedure • Local or general anesthesia • The extra ocular muscles are selectively weakened (recession), tightened (resection), or physically shifted (transposition) to achieve balanced eye movement • Adjustable sutures is used to achieve more accurate alignment

  11. Drug therapy • Botulinum neurotoxin A (botox) • It can injected into the extraocular muscle and interfere with the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction • The toxin appears to strengthen the antagonist muscle and weaken the injected muscle

More Related