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Aves

Aves. Read 632-642 Hw 644 #1-21 Work on NR 5. Reminder. Aves are in the phylum Chordata (vertebrata) Aves is a CLASS. Aves. Examples: Gulls, penguins, albatross, parrots, doves, etc Are warm-blooded (endotherm/homeotherm) winged Lay eggs Bipedal (walks on 2 legs). Characteristics.

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Aves

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  1. Aves Read 632-642 Hw 644 #1-21 Work on NR 5

  2. Reminder • Aves are in the phylum Chordata (vertebrata) • Aves is a CLASS

  3. Aves • Examples: • Gulls, penguins, albatross, parrots, doves, etc • Are warm-blooded (endotherm/homeotherm) • winged • Lay eggs • Bipedal (walks on 2 legs)

  4. Characteristics • 4 chambered heart • Contain unique digestive and respiratory systems adapted for flight. • Excretion is done using a cloaca • Brain is highly specialized and some are considered extremely intelligent • Lightweight skeleton • Toothless beak • Hard shelled eggs • feathers

  5. Reproduction • Sexual • All lay eggs • Internal fertilization using cloaca • Males are ZZ and females are ZW (a system where the ovum determines sex, not the sperm) • Typically monogamous & perform biparental care • Yolk of a bird egg is larger than a reptile egg

  6. Unique traits • Hollow bones • Crop and gizzard for grinding of food due to lack of teeth • High metabolism to aid flight energy • 75% of air intake bypasses the lungs and are then used during exhalation • Most have poor sense of smell • Highly complex mating rituals • Non-Darwinian selection

  7. Crop & Gizzard • Also found in insects. • Why in birds and insects but not other animals? • Lack of teeth reduces ability to mechanically break down food.

  8. Hollow bones • Bones are as strong and can make up as little as 5% of the total body weight of a bird. • Human skeleton makes up about 14% of our total weight.

  9. Historical birds • Earliest “bird” is Archaeopteryx • Some extinct species include: • Dodo • Moa • Terror birds

  10. Major Orders • Evolutionary Milestone: feathers • Within class Aves are many (~27) orders: • Some examples are: • Falconiformes • Passeriformes • Casuariiformes • Podicipediformes • Piciformes • Ciconiiformes

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