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Brunei Darussalam

Brunei Darussalam. Images of Brunei. Wrap Up . Population: 400 , 000 Crude oil/natural gas – half of GDP Oil (upper left of BN production area and expatriates of Royal; Dutch Shell and British Army housing) Other half is foreign investment

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Brunei Darussalam

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  1. Brunei Darussalam

  2. Images of Brunei

  3. Wrap Up • Population: 400,000 • Crude oil/natural gas – half of GDP Oil (upper left of BN production area and expatriates of Royal; Dutch Shell and British Army housing) Other half is foreign investment • Ethnicity: Malay 66.3%, Chinese 11.2, Indigenous 3.4%, Other 19.1% • Culture: Islam/Malay with more conservative (the sale and public consumption of alcohol is banned: foreigner and Non-Muslim are allowed with limited amount)

  4. Precolonial Brunei • Proto-Malay and Chinese early period • Srivijaya Kingdom laid claim of the area during the pre- domestic Sultanate period (8-9th century) • Sultanate – brought Islam into the area (a Malay state) • Same dynasty since 15th century • 14-16th century powerful Sultanate – beyond present Brunei (Sarawak, Sabah and beyond) – in rival with Malacca as sea port • Local Sultan and pirate “north cost of Borneo” (little success for colonial power) • 19th century – lost much of territory to White Rajahs of Sarawak  2 existing parts [1811 Raffle led the British occupation of Java and renewed its commercial and political interests in North Borneo (amidst the tension between British and Dutch) then James Brooke succeed Raffle and got to Sarawak – helped Brunei Sultan suppressed pirate and militant indigenous group – set himself as Rajah of Sarawak (not official occupation by British India company)

  5. Brunei in Colonial Time • 1888 British protectorate (3 malay states : Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah) British North Borneo Company • Brunei Sultan was under advice of British Resident on all matters except local culture and religion • 1941-45 Japanese occupation • Did not join Malay federation (fear of Malay political domination) • 1959 Constitution: Absolute Monarchy • Small rebellion against the monarchy in the 1962 (representation democracy with the party platform of uniting the 3 Malay states – Sultan refused to convened , (Many interpretations: Indonesia’s intervention for confrontation, Communist Malaya, genuine democratic against 1959 constitution which has too much power to the Sultan)  suppressed by emergency law with support by British military

  6. Post-Colonial Brunei • 1984: Sultanate – Absolute Monarchy • Principle: 1959 Constitution and Malay Islamic Monarchy • Standing army controlled by the Sultan and his family, battalion of retired Ghurkha soldiers, and Singapore army base • Free health carevia group of public hospital (no medical school)

  7. Contemporary Issues • Dispute border with Malaysia • Democracy (Freedom of Expression, arbitrary detention)? Or Is it Western Standard? • Internal security apparatus • Sedition act: offense to challenge the authority of the sultan and royal family member, national philosophy (Malay Muslim Monarchy concept) • Need license for foreign press • Discrimination of Women, labor rights, exploitation of foreign workers • National Religion – Muslim – Shafi’i law - with restriction for other religious practices • Transparency issues – royal family mismanagement • 5% unionized workers + fluctuation of oil price determine economy • (the sale and public consumption of alcohol is banned: foreigner and Non-Muslim are allowed with limited amount – (1990s) pubs and nightclubs were banned (cross border to Sarawak) • 2004 amendment of the constitution  reintroduction of legislative council (Sultans and his family, businessmen and community leader  not yet election

  8. Reference • Wikipedia and Wapidia: Brunei • CIA World Fact Book • UBD Should Contribute To Solve Social Issue (Borneo Bulletin) • USA - Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs > Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor > Releases > Human Rights > 2007 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices > Brunei • Radio Television Brunie - National Council for Social Issues convenes for first meeting to discuss its role and responsibilitieshttp://www.rtb.gov.bn/rtbnews/2008/Sept/250908/story_1.html • Hussainmiya, B. A. (2006). BRUNEI: REVIVAL OF 1906. Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Press. • Kingsbury, D. (2005). South-East Asia: A Political Profile. Melbourne, Oxford University Press.

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