Solution and Test Bank for Fundamentals of Building Construction 7th Edition by Edward Allen and Joseph Iano

1. Table of Contents Sample for Instructors Manual - Chapter 1 Sample for Test Bank - Chapter 1 Sample for Instructor’s Guide to Exercises In Building Construction - Chapter 1 2 12 15 Email: smtb98@gmail.com Telegram: https://t.me/solumanu Contact me in order to access the whole complete document. WhatsApp: https://wa.me/+12342513111 complete document is available on https://solumanu.com/ *** contact me if site not loaded

2. smtb98@gmail.com Instructor’s Manual Contact me in order to access the whole complete document. WhatsApp: https://wa.me/+12342513111 smtb98@gmail.com Email: smtb98@gmail.com Telegram: https://t.me/solumanu Seventh Edition Fundamentals of Building Construction Materials and Methods Edward Allen AND Joseph Iano complete document is available on https://solumanu.com/ *** contact me if site not loaded

3. CHAPTER 1: MAKING BUILDINGS This chapter is intended to introduce the student to the societal framework within which buildings are built: the design professionals, the building contractors and trades, the legal and economic constraints, the environmental concerns, the informational resources, and the process through which a building is brought from an abstract idea to a concrete reality. This establishes a basis for understanding the remainder of the chapters of the book as they relate to one another and to the problem of building in general. After having studied this chapter, the student should have a general understanding of who is involved in the process of building and how these people relate to one another; of building sustainability metrics and standards; of the major steps in the building process; of how to determine the permissible construction types and fire-resistive requirements for a given building, and of the essential forms of contractual project delivery and project scheduling. The information in this chapter is essential to understanding how buildings are built. However, it is not necessary that your class begin with this chapter. You may find it easier to engage the interests of your students by starting elsewhere, then returning here later in the course. For suggestions on alternative chapters with which to begin your course, see the comments included with the suggested lecture schedules earlier in this manual. A. Answers to Review Questions in the Text 1. What is sustainable building? Why is it important? A sustainable building is designed and constructed to meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. It minimizes the consumption of nonrenewable resources, preserves prime agricultural land, protects natural ecosystems, minimizes air and water pollution, minimizes waste, reduces adverse social impacts, and creates a built environment that is healthful, productive, and aesthetically satisfying. 2. What is the difference between a product disclosure and an eco-label? Product disclosures are another form of reporting that provide transparent information about material ingredients and manufacturer practices. Environmental labels, also called ecolabels, are third-party environmental ratings. Unlike ecolabels, product disclosures do not rate the sustainability of the product—it remains up to the user to interpret the information provided for this purpose. 3. What is a life-cycle analysis? What are the major life-cycle stages in such an analysis? A life-cycle analysis accounts for the environmental impacts of a material throughout its life. The typical life-cycle stages of a construction material are extraction, manufacture or processing, transportation, installation, use and maintenance, and disposal or recycling. complete document is available on https://solumanu.com/ *** contact me if site not loaded

4. smtb98@gmail.com 4. What is the embodied energy of a material? The embodied energy of a material is the total energy consumed throughout all stages of its life cycle. smtb98@gmail.com 5. Who are the three principal team members involved in the creation of a new building? What are their respective roles? The owner procures the building site, hires the design and construction professionals, and pays for the costs of construction. The design architect determines the form of the building, coordinates the design team, and takes the major responsibility for specifying and detailing the exterior and interior finishes. The general contractor is responsible for constructing the building. He or she procures materials, hires subcontractors, and manages the construction process. 6. What are construction documents? What two items are they composed of? The construction documents comprehensively describe the building to be built. They consist of graphic drawings and written specifications. 7. What types of subjects are covered by zoning ordinances? By building codes? Zoning ordinances regulate land use, including, for example, the types of activities that may take place on a given piece of land, how much of the land may be covered by building, how far the building must set back from the property lines, how much parking must be provided, how much floor area may be constructed, and how tall a building may be. Building codes primarily regulate life safety, including, for example, construction quality, durability, emergency egress, and fire safety. They also regulate health and welfare; for example, space and light requirements, ventilation, and accessibility. 8. What is a building code occupancy? What is a construction type? How are they related in a building code? Building code occupancies classify the activities within a building according to their relative life-safety risks. For example, the life-safety considerations for a nightclub (Assembly occupancy) differ significantly from those for a commercial office space (Business occupancy). Construction types define the types of materials that may be used in constructing a building, in particular with regard to their combustibility and resistance to the heat of fire. Larger buildings and buildings containing occupancies of greater life-safety hazard must be built with materials that can better and longer resist the effects of fire. 9. In what units is fire resistance measured? How is the fire resistance of a building assembly determined? The fire resistance of a building material is measured in hours (or, less frequently, minutes). It is determined in a standardized, large-scale, laboratory test called ASTM E119. 10. What is the MasterFormat? What is it used for? MasterFormat is the North American standard for organizing information about construction materials and systems, published jointly by the Construction Specifications Institute and the Construction Specifications of Canada. It is used as the outline for written complete document is available on https://solumanu.com/ *** contact me if site not loaded

5. construction specifications, organizing construction cost information, cataloging manufacturer’s product data, and in some cases, the tagging information on construction drawings. 11. Compare and contrast design/bid/build and design/build construction. In design/bid/build construction, the building owner hires separate entities to undertake the design (the architect) and construction (the general contractor) of a building. In design/build construction, the owner hires a single entity (the design/builder) to provide both design and construction services. In its most traditional form, the construction phase of a design/bid/build project does not begin until design is fully complete. Design/build construction frequently overlaps design and construction, with the aim of reducing the total time required to complete the building. 12. What is the difference between lump-sum and cost plus a fee compensation? In lump-sum compensation, the owner agrees to pay a fixed dollar amount for construction of a building, and the contractor assumes most of the risk for profit or loss, depending on the actual construction costs. In cost plus a fee construction, the owner agrees to pay for the costs of construction plus some additional amount for the contractor’s overhead and profit. In this arrangement, the owner is exposed to greater cost risks. 13. What are the two common types of surety bonds? What are they used for? Surety bonds protect a building owner from the risk of default by the general contractor. In such a circumstance, the surety company assumes the obligations of the general contractor. A performance bond assures completion of the project. A payment bond assures payment to subcontractors and suppliers. 14. What is fast track construction, and what types of contracts and fee compensation is it most commonly associated with? Fast track construction overlaps the design and construction of various phases of a building project, with the goal of reducing the overall time required to completion. It is most commonly associated with design/build and construction management project delivery and cost plus a fee compensation. 15. What is the critical path? Why is it important to construction scheduling? The critical path is the sequence of dependent activities that determines the least amount of time in which a building can be constructed. It is important because any delay in activities on this path will result in extension of the completion date. 16. You are designing a three-story office building, B Occupancy, with 19,000 square feet per floor. What types of construction are permitted according to the IBC if you do not install sprinklers? How does the situation change if you install sprinklers? In the second, sprinklered case, what is the least fire-resistant construction type permitted? With this construction type, what level of fire resistance is required for the structural frame of the building? [Refer to Table 502 in Figure 1.3 and Table 601 in Figure 1.6 for information needed to answer these questions. As explained in the accompanying text, when reading from the table complete document is available on https://solumanu.com/ *** contact me if site not loaded

6. If this building is not sprinklered: Types IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, and IV-HT are permitted. If the building is sprinklered: All Types are permitted. The least fire-resistive type is V-B, for which the structural frame does not require any fire-resistance rating (0 hours). smtb98@gmail.com in Figure 1.3 for a fully sprinklered, multistory building, area per floor may be tripled and height in stories may be increased by 1.] smtb98@gmail.com B. Additional Questions 1. Name several organizations or types of organizations that publish construction information that is widely used by building professionals, and give an example of each. ASTM, CSA, and ANSI are private organizations that publish standards for construction materials and methods. Construction trade and professional associations publish technical information and technical standards. CSI and CSC are private professional associations that publish MasterFormat. NIST and NRC-IRC are government agencies that sponsor research and also contribute to construction standards in the United States and Canada, respectively. Various federal agencies publish accessibility regulations and standards, such as the ADA or Fair Housing Act. OSHA publishes worker safety standards that apply to construction sites, as well as the day-to-day operation of many facilities. Building materials manufacturers publish material concerning their products. 2. List several performance concerns, and several construction concerns, that are typically taken into consideration by a building professional. Examples of performance concerns include fire, building movement, water vapor condensation, water leakage, acoustical privacy, deterioration, cleanliness, and building maintenance. Construction concerns include such matters as safety, schedule, budget, quality of work, division of work between the shop and the field, optimum use of trades, sequencing of operations, inclement weather, fitting of components, and quality assurance. 3. What does a municipal building inspector have to do with new building design and construction? How does the inspector’s work relate to zoning ordinances and building codes? The building inspector receives applications for building permits, checks plans for conformance with building codes and zoning ordinances, issues building permits, inspects construction to make sure it conforms to these standards, and issues an occupancy permit after a building has been completed and conforms with all legal requirements. 4. What types of publications would you consult to determine fire resistance ratings of various building components? Who publishes them? Fire resistance ratings are tabulated in a variety of catalogs and handbooks issued by building material manufacturers, construction trade associations, testing labs, and organizations concerned with fire protection of buildings. The most well-known source of fire test ratings is UL Laboratories.

7. 5. What forms of construction project delivery are most frequently associated with sequential construction? What forms with phased construction? Why? Sequential construction is most commonly associated with design/bid/build construction, where the separation of design and building phases fits naturally with the contractual separation of design and building service providers in design/bid/build project delivery. Phased construction is most frequently associated with design/build and construction management construction, delivery methods that more readily accommodate the participation of the constructor in the design phases of the project. 6. What is single-purpose entity project delivery? A single-purpose entity is a legal entity formed for the purpose of design and construction of a building, of which the building owner, design team, and construction team are all joint members. 7. What is a Gantt chart? A Gantt chart is a graphic representation of the project schedule; it uses a series of horizontal bars to illustrate the duration of various phases or tasks within the project. 8. What is embodied carbon? Why is it important? Embodied carbon is the total carbon emissions associated with the full life cycle of a building material. As a primary greenhouse gas, carbon emissions are closely associated with global climate change. 9. What is the Living Building Challenge Red List? The Red List excludes from Living buildings materials that are considered toxic or highly detrimental to the environment. 10. Building height, area, and construction type problems … [For homework or an open-book examination, it is obviously possible to construct an infinite number of questions that require the student to use the building code tables to determine allowable construction types, floor areas, and heights, and required degrees of fire protection. These can be posed as determinations of potential construction systems for a new building of a given size, or as determinations of suitability of an existing building to a proposed new purpose. Such questions are valuable because they make students conversant with the major code provisions that they will encounter constantly throughout their careers.] [One caveat with regard to questions of this type is that allowable area calculations for buildings containing multiple occupancies (as most do) or more than 3 stories in height have additional complicating factors not discussed in this text. For buildings with multiple occupancies, the simplest approach is to apply the most restrictive height and area limits of any of the occupancies to the whole building. For buildings more than 3 stories in height, the total area of all floors combined cannot exceed 3 times the area permitted for one floor. However, for beginning students, it may be wise to avoid these more complex scenarios.]

8. 2. With the exception of some H Hazardous occupancies, there is no limit in the building code on the height to which a Type 1A building can be built. (T) smtb98@gmail.com 1. A building code contains off-street parking requirements. (F) smtb98@gmail.com C. True/False Questions 3. First cost and life-cycle cost are usually the same. (F) 4. A single-family detached dwelling may be built of wood without any fire protection. (T) 5. In general, it costs more to make a building more resistant to fire. (T) 6. Buildings are estimated to consume 30 percent to 40 percent of annual energy use worldwide. (T) 7. A general contractor provides design and construction services to a building owner. (F) 8. A subcontractor is a construction entity that contracts directly with the owner to provide specialized construction services. (F) 9. In design/build construction, the design team and the construction team are part of the same entity. (T) 10. When paying for construction services, cost plus a fee compensation reduces a building owner’s exposure to the risk of unexpected increases in construction cost in comparison to lump-sum compensation. (F) D. Multiple Choice Questions You may select more than one answer. 1. A zoning ordinance typically governs which of the following? a. Types of activities that may take place on a piece of land b. How much of the land may be covered by a building c. How far a building must be set back from property lines d. The maximum distance between exits in a building e. Total floor area of a building on a given site Answer: a, b, c, e 2. Fire-resistance ratings for building components are given in units of: a. Degrees Fahrenheit b. Degrees Celsius c. Hours d. Foot-pounds Answer: c 3. Access standards for buildings relate to: a. Access from the street to the building for automobiles

9. b. Availability of an architect’s drawings to the building inspector c. Accessibility of all the electrical wiring and plumbing for inspection and repair throughout the lifetime of the building d. Access to a building by all members of the population, including the handicapped Answer: d 4. Phased construction is most commonly associated with which of the following project delivery methods? a. Design/bid/build b. Design/build c. Construction management d. Critical path construction Answer: b, c 5. Construction scheduling tools include: a. Turnkey project delivery b. Critical path method c. Design/bid/build method d. Gantt chart Answer: b, d E. Using the Exercise Book Exercise 1.1 introduces students to the LEED for New Construction rating system. To complete this assignment, students will need access to construction information for a LEED-certified building. Such information can be obtained from a variety of sources, such as local architectural firms, articles in architectural or construction magazines, or case studies available on web sites of the USGBC and others. For students interested in the Living Building Challenge, this assignment can be completed using that rating system as well. With the necessary information in hand, this exercise should take no more than an hour to complete. Exercise 1.2 gives students experience in interpreting building code height and area restrictions as they relate to different types of construction. This is an excellent warm-up for understanding the remainder of the chapters in the book, and is highly recommended. You can vary the assignment from year to year by changing the construction characteristics of the buildings. This exercise should take less than an hour to complete. Exercise 1.3 provides a framework for students to visit a construction site, record observations, and evaluate what they have seen. Becoming familiar with the construction site, appreciating its real-world constraints, learning to observe accurately, and developing the skills to evaluate what is seen are important skills for any future career in design and construction. Because the particulars of such an exercise will vary with your class circumstances, you must provide direction to your students regarding the particular scope and nature of the assignment. The questions and form provided are intended to be sufficiently flexible to accommodate assignments of varying duration and scope.

10. smtb98@gmail.com Exercise 1.4 consists of fill-in-the-blank questions and one short-answer question that test students’ understanding of construction management concepts introduced in this chapter. smtb98@gmail.com F. Additional Activities 1. The local building inspector might be a suitable guest lecturer for your class. Ask him or her to talk about the necessity for building codes and building inspection, and the procedure for obtaining a building permit and constructing a large building. 2. An architect or consultant with experience in implementing LEED or the Living Building Challenge might be another good guest lecturer to supplement this chapter. What are the real-world challenges and lessons of applying such systems? 3. A field trip to the offices of a large architectural, engineering, or building contracting firm will open students’ eyes to the complexity of the functions that a building professional must perform. (The functions are scarcely less complex in a small office, but they are more apparent in a large office because they are more likely to be represented by various specialists.) 4. Mount a display of photocopied pages representing some of the major portions of the building code that is in force in your area. Highlight and interpret some of the more interesting provisions. G. Studio Linkages 1. Figures 1.3 and 1.4 in the text can be the basis for enhancing the realism of any design studio project. It should take a student only a few minutes with these tables to determine what construction types are appropriate for the design solution to a newly issued building program in the studio, and the sorts of fire-resistive construction that will be required. 2. It may be helpful to prepare a two- or three-page digest of the most important building code requirements relating to a given design project, and to distribute photocopies of this digest with the program for the project. A particularly effective way to do this is to photocopy the most relevant pages, then cut and paste from them a master from which the copies can be made, eliminating as much as possible of the irrelevant verbiage. Include not only the height and area restrictions, but also access standards, egress requirements (corridors, stairs, and doors), natural illumination requirements, energy conservation requirements, minimum ceiling heights and room areas, important constructional requirements, and so on. 3. A highly useful reference book for every student of architecture is Allen, Edward, and Iano, The Architect’s Studio Companion, 6th Edition (John Wiley & Sons, 2017). This handbook provides a wealth of guidelines useful for the preliminary design of buildings of any size. For example, copiously tabulated information vastly simplifies compliance with the height and area limitations of either the International Building Code or the National Building Code of Canada. Additionally, Studio Companion summarizes and simplifies the information needed to choose, configure, and size major structural and mechanical systems, design for natural

11. daylight and passive environmental systems, comply with egress and accessibility requirements, and much more. Email: smtb98@gmail.com Telegram: https://t.me/solumanu Contact me in order to access the whole complete document. WhatsApp: https://wa.me/+12342513111

12. smtb98@gmail.com Chapter 1: Making Buildings 1. Which of the following is not an example of a legal constraint an architect/engineer might face when designing a building? a) Building codes b) Environmental codes c) Cost of borrowing money d) Access standards (e.g., the Americans with Disabilities Act [ADA]) e) Zoning ordinances Ans: c 2. The LEED system deals with: a) dewatering procedures used for deep foundations. b) building use groups in the IBC code. c) building construction types in the IBC code. d) sustainability in design and construction. e) standard procedures used in developing soils reports. Ans: d 3. The IBC is an example of a: a) zoning ordinance. b) use group. c) building code. d) construction type. e) none of the above. Ans: c 4. According to the U.S. Green Building Council, what percentage of the world’s energy use and greenhouse gas emissions can be attributed to buildings? a) Less than 5% b) Approximately 10% c) 10-20% d) 30-40% e) More than 80% Ans: d 5. Recycled materials content is environmental information that is typically: a) independently certified by third-party entities. b) self-declared by the manufacturer. c) part of an environmental label. d) listed in the building code. Ans: b smtb98@gmail.com Email: smtb98@gmail.com Telegram: https://t.me/solumanu Contact me in order to access the whole complete document. WhatsApp: https://wa.me/+12342513111

13. 6. The difference between cradle-to-gate and cradle-to-grave LCA analysis is that the first does not include: a) raw-material sourcing. b) product manufacture. c) energy used for manufacture. d) product disposal. Ans: d 7. A product’s embodied energy in a cradle-to-gate LCA analysis describes: a) the energy expended to produce the product. b) the energy expended to produce, use, and dispose of the product. c) the amount of water used to produce the product. d) the energy needed to heat a house built with this product. Ans: a 8. Find the false statement: Buildings that follow the Living Building Challenge must a) not use any materials considered highly detrimental to the environment. b) meet the full set of requirements for the “Living” level. c) not be a net emitter of greenhouse gases. d) minimize waste through all project life phases. e) be certified immediately after construction. Ans: e 9. Which statement is correct? In the MasterFormat system a) construction materials and systems are organized into 50 divisions. b) division 31 deals with earthwork. c) information is organized by discrete building trades. d) section 06 20 00 deals with finish carpentry. e) all of the above. Ans: e 10. Construction expertise (e.g., by the construction firm) is typically included latest in the planning process in which arrangement? a) Design/build b) Design/bid/build c) Integrated Project Delivery d) Construction manager at risk e) Turnkey construction Ans: b 11. The owner assumes the highest cost risk in which arrangement? a) Fixed-fee b) Lump sum c) Cost plus a fee

14. smtb98@gmail.com d) Guaranteed maximum price Ans: c 12. In phased construction: a) all design is completed before construction begins. b) foundation design always exactly considers the completely designed structure above. c) building execution typically takes longer than in sequential construction. d) building design may not be complete before construction begins. e) a design/bid/build process is typically followed. Ans: d 13. A construction project’s critical path describes: a) the fastest time in which a project can be completed. b) the cheapest way in which a project can be completed. c) the delivery route for materials. d) the bidding process for construction services. e) a project’s maximum duration. Ans: a 14. Which of these activities does not contribute to lean construction? a) Streamlining workflows and supply methods b) Decentralizing decision making c) Including factory-like production methods d) Sequential construction e) Using BIM Ans: d 15. BIM is: a) a collection of building plan printouts. b) a 3D building model that does not contain any data. c) a data-rich digital building model. d) a project delivery method. e) a method for cost control. Ans: c Contact me in order to access the whole complete document. WhatsApp: https://wa.me/+12342513111 smtb98@gmail.com Email: smtb98@gmail.com Telegram: https://t.me/solumanu

15. Instructor’s Guide to Exercises In Building Construction Seventh Edition Solutions for the Homework and Design Assignments Accompanying FUNDAMENTALS OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS SEVENTH EDITION Edward Allen and Joseph Iano Email: smtb98@gmail.com Telegram: https://t.me/solumanu Contact me in order to access the whole complete document. WhatsApp: https://wa.me/+12342513111

16. smtb98@gmail.com smtb98@gmail.com Chapter 1 Making Buildings 1.1 Environmental Impacts of Materials Environmental product declarations (EPDs) are powerful documents for comparing the environmental impacts of materials. Reviewing an example EPD in class ahead of this assignment will make it easier for students to navigate these documents later on their own. For example, considering the EPD for North American Softwood Lumber, published by the American Wood Council (available from the following page at the time of this writing: awc.org/sustainability/epd), the Functional Unit used in the declaration, 1 cubic meter, is found on page six: Students should be encouraged to find three EPDs that all report data using the same functional unit. The overall impacts for this material are presented in a table on page 11 of the document: 1

17. In some cases, impacts may also be reported by separate phases of operation. In such cases, students should be sure they are reporting overall totals (such as in the third column in the table above). Note also that the table caption indicates that this is a cradle-to-gate, rather than cradle-to-grave, assessment. Students are likely to find discrepancies in data presentation between EPDs. One or more categories of information (e.g., fresh water consumption) may be omitted. Or units of measure may differ or be presented in different formats. Where information is not included, this should be noted. Where units of measure differ, the differing units should be shown. Where values are provided in scientific notation, you may want to instruct your students to convert values to decimal format (as below), to provide practice working with this notation. There are an unlimited number of acceptable solutions to this exercise. One example is provided below. 1. Describe a building construction product type of interest, for example, flooring, insulation, roof shingles, finish coatings, exterior siding, windows, etc.: 2. Within this product type, choose three specific material or product options for which EPDs are available. For example, if you chose flooring, you could consider wood, vinyl, and ceramic tile. List your three choices: 3. Complete the following information for your chosen materials. 2

18. Does one of your chosen materials consistently outperform the others or are the results mixed? Do the differences between materials appear significant or relatively minor? What other qualities or attributes, not included in the EPDs, might you consider when choosing between these materials? smtb98@gmail.com 4. Compare the environmental qualities of these materials, considering for example: smtb98@gmail.com 1.2 Building Code Restrictions 1. An old, unsprinklered warehouse of heavy timber construction with exterior walls of brick masonry is being considered for conversion to a drama theater. The building is two stories high, 80 by 70 feet in plan, and conforms to the definition of Type IV (HT) Construction. Theaters are Occupancy Group A-1. a. Is this conversion within the building height and area limits of the International Building Code? Refer to Figure 1.4 in the text, a simplified presentation of height and area limits in the IBC. Occupancy Group A-1, Construction Type IV(HT) sprinklered buildings may be up to 65 feet and 3 stories in height, and 15,000 sf per floor in area. (The height in feet is indicated in the first row of the table below the construction type designations.) The proposed warehouse, 2 stories in height and 5600 sf (80 ft x 70 ft) per floor in area, is well within these limits. Yes. b. If exterior bearing wall modifications are required, what fire resistance rating must be maintained? Ignore the influence of any adjacent buildings. See IBC Table 601 in Figure 1.5. (The lower table, Table 602, does not apply since the question directs the student to ignore the influence of adjacent buildings.) 2-hour rated 2. A client has asked you to design a clothing store of protected platform frame, Type VA, wood construction. The building will not be fully sprinklered. a. How tall can this building be? Retail stores are classified as Occupancy M (see textbook page 13). Referring to Figure 1.4, the maximum permitted height for an Occupancy Group M, Type VA unsprinklered building is 50 feet and 3 stories. 3

19. 50 feet, 3 stories b. If built to its maximum permitted height, what is the maximum allowable area for all floors combined? Figure 1.5 lists allowable area per floor (table footnote d), in this case, 14,000 sf. As noted on page 5 of the workbook, for buildings of 3 or more stories, total building area is 3 times the area permitted for a single floor. The total area is therefore 3 x 14,000 sf. 42,000 sf c. What is the required fire resistance rating for components of the structural frame? See Figure 1.5, IBC Table 601, reading down the column for Type VA construction. 1-hour rated 3. What is the maximum height for a reinforced concrete office tower of Type 1A construction? Offices are a Group B occupancy (see textbook page 13). See Figure 1.4, reading down the column for Type IA construction and across for Occupancy Group B. Unlimited height, in both stories and feet a. What is the required fire resistance rating for a column? See Figure 1.5, IBC Table 601, reading across for Structural Frame (columns are considered part of the structural frame). 3-hour rated b. What fire resistance is required for floor beams? Read across the table for Floor construction. 2-hour rated c. Why do you think answers in a. and b. differ? Failure of a column could lead to collapse of more than one floor. Failure of a floor beam is likely to have less severe consequences. 4. You have decided to use steel framing, Construction Type I or II, for a new five-story hotel, Occupancy R-1, with 41,500 square feet per floor. The building will be fully sprinklered. a. What is the least expensive (lowest fire-rated) Construction Type you are permitted to use? To correctly answer this question, students must carefully apply the instructions for modifying allowable heights and areas included on page 5 of the workbook. Area increases for sprinklers must be calculated. And importantly, limits on the total area for all floors of a building must be checked—in this problem, this turns out to be a restrictive condition. 4

20. smtb98@gmail.com First, find the combined area for all floors for the proposed building: 5 x 41,500 sf = 207,500 sf. smtb98@gmail.com Next, test possible construction types for this area. As explained in the text, construction types with lower fire resistance are generally less expensive than those with greater levels of protection. Thus, in order of increasing cost, the possible construction types are IIB, IIA, IB, and IA. Since we are looking for the least-cost structure, start with Type IIB. Refer to Figure 1.4. As noted on page 5 of the workbook, for a fully sprinklered building, allowable area per floor is three times the area listed in the table. Therefore, allowable area per floor is 3 x 16,000 sf = 48,000 sf. For buildings of 3 or more stories, total area of all floors combined is limited to 3 times the allowable area for one floor. Therefore, total area of all floors is 3 x 48,000 sf = 144,000 sf. Since this is less than the required area of 207,500 sf, Type IIB construction is not permitted. Next, try Construction Type IIA. Allowable area from Figure 1.4 is 24,000 sf. Total building area, modified as in the last example is 24,000 x 3 x 3 = 216,000 sf. This is greater than the required 207,500 sf, so this construction type is permitted. Type IIA b. How tall, in feet and number of stories, may the building be? Reading from Figure 1.4, Occupancy R-1 and Construction Type IIA, the allowable height is 65 feet and 4 stories. Referring again to the instructions on page 5 of the workbook, add 1 story and 20 feet for sprinklers. 85 feet, 5 stories c. What level of fire protection will be required for each of the following elements of this building? Refer to Figure 1.5, IBC Table 601, reading across for the various elements and down for Construction Type IIA. Structural frame: 1-hour Floor construction: 1-hour Roof construction: 1-hour d. There is a public way, with a 15-foot wide fire separation distance, along one side of your building. The building owner would like to develop this way as a pedestrian shopping lane. Can an all-glass exterior wall, with a fire-resistance rating of zero, be used along this edge of the building? (See Figure 1.5 in the text, IBC Table 602.) Refer to Table 602 in the lower portion of Figure 1.5. The 15-foot fire separation distance in this example falls between 10 and 30 feet in the table. In this row of the table, Construction Type IIA falls under the “Others” catch-all. Reading down 5

21. for Occupancy R, the required fire-resistance rating for the exterior wall is 1-hour. An all-glass wall with no protection or fire rating cannot be used. No 5. How tall, in number of stories and in feet above grade, can you build an apartment building, Occupancy Group R-2, made of wood light frame construction with floor joists and roof rafters left exposed inside, Construction Type VB? The building will be fully sprinklered. Reading from Figure 1.4, Occupancy Group R-2 and Type VB construction, maximum building height is 40 feet and 2 stories. Add 1 story and 20 feet for sprinklers. 3 stories, 60 feet The answer provided for this question assumes a commercial grade, NFPA 13, sprinkler system. For more advanced students, you can use this question as the starting point for a discussion of code requirements unique to residential occupancy buildings. For example, even though the table in Figure 1.4 tabulates heights and areas for unsprinklered buildings, buildings that contain R occupancies must always be sprinklered. Additionally, several different sprinkler system types are permitted in residential occupancy areas, and the height and area modifications applied to the figures in Table 503 vary with the sprinkler system type. 1.3 Observing Construction This exercise encourages students to relate what they are learning in the classroom to the practicalities and complexities of the construction site. This exercise also requires accurate observation and thoughtful analysis of what is observed on site, skills that will be valuable in students’ future professional careers. The questions and worksheet provided are intended to be flexible. It is assumed instructors will adapt this exercise to available time and circumstances of their course. 1.4 Providing Construction Services 1. Overlapping design and construction phases of a project is an example of phased construction, used to shorten the overall project schedule. (Textbook pp. 22–23) 2. A guaranteed maximum price (GMP or GMAX)limits an owner’s financial risks by capping contractor fees in a cost plus a fee contract. (Textbook p. 22) 3. In sequential construction, construction work does not begin until all design work is complete. (Textbook p. 22) 6

22. 5. Profit sharing is one example of an incentive provision, used to bring the interests of the contractor and owner into closer alignment. (Textbook p. 22) smtb98@gmail.com 4. Cost plus a fee owner/contractor agreements are well suited to projects where the full scope of construction work is not yet determined at the time of agreement. (Textbook p. 22) smtb98@gmail.com 6. In design/bid/build project delivery, the owner does the following, in sequence: contracts with a design team, completes design of the facility, bids the construction work, hires a contractor, and completes construction. 7. When the scope of work is well defined, an owner may use a fixed-fee (lump-sum) construction agreement so as to begin construction within an established total cost. 8. In design/build project delivery, design and construction are performed by one contractual entity, and the traditional boundaries between design and construction are less distinct. (Textbook p. 21) 9. Explain briefly the distinction between design/bid/build, design/build, and single- purpose entity project delivery methods. (Textbook pp. 21–22) In design/bid/build project delivery, the owner hires an architect to design the facility and produce the construction documents. Once the design is complete the project is bid out and a general contractor is hired to perform the construction work. During construction, the design professional checks that construction is performed according to the documents, verifies payments to the general contractor, and assists in other ways with the completion of the project. In design/build construction, the owner hires a single entity to both design and build the facility. This arrangement brings the design and construction teams into a closer working relationship, introduces construction expertise into the design phase of the project, and gives the owner a single source of accountability for all aspects of the project. With a single-purpose entity, the owner, architect, and general contractor are all members of a joint entity. Responsibilities for design, construction, costs, and profitability are shared by all parties. 7