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Introduction to C PROGRAMMING
WHAT IS C LANGUAGE? • Developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at Bell Labs • Procedural, structured programming language • Middle-level language (combines low-level and high-level features) • Used for system and application programming
Simple and efficient • Fast and powerful • Portable (cross-platform) • Rich library of built-in functions • Extensible and modular • FEATURES OF C
HOME • ABOUT • MORE • STRUCTURE OF A C PROGRAM • #include <stdio.h> • int main() { • printf("Hello, World!"); • return 0; • } • Preprocessor directive • Main function • Statements and return
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF C LANGUAGE Advantages Disadvantages • No Object-Oriented Features: Lacks classes and objects • Manual Memory Management: Requires use of pointers and malloc/free • No Runtime Error Checking: May cause segmentation faults or crashes • Limited High-Level Features: No exception handling, limited abstraction • Fast and Efficient: Low-level access to memory and system resources • Portable Code: Can run on different hardware platforms with minimal changes • Rich Library Support: Many built-in functions and libraries • Structured Language: Encourages modular programming with functions
DATA TYPES IN C • Basic Types: int, float, char, double • Derived Types: arrays, pointers, structures, unions • Void Type • Format specifiers: %d, %f, %c, %s
ARRAYS AND STRINGS • 01 • 02 Array String • collection of same type elements • array of characters
03 • 04 Declaration String functions • strcpy, strlen, strcmp • int arr[10];, char name[20];
POINTERS • Stores the memory address of another variable • Syntax: int *ptr; • Operators: & (address of), * (value at) • Pointer arithmetic
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