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Introduction to C PROGRAMMING
WHAT IS C LANGUAGE? Developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at Bell Labs Procedural, structured programming language Middle-level language (combines low-level and high- level features) Used for system and application programming
Simple and efficient Fast and powerful Portable (cross-platform) Rich library of built-in functions Extensible and modular FEATURES OF C
HOME ABOUT MORE STRUCTURE OF A C PROGRAM #include <stdio.h> Preprocessor directive Main function Statements and return int main() { printf("Hello, World!"); return 0; }
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF C LANGUAGE Item 5 20% Item 1 20% Item 5 20% Item 1 20% Item 2 20% Item 4 20% Item 2 20% Item 4 20% Item 3 20% Item 3 20% Advantages Disadvantages Fast and Efficient: Low-level access to memory and system resources Portable Code: Can run on different hardware platforms with minimal changes Rich Library Support: Many built-in functions and libraries Structured Language: programming with functions No Object-Oriented Features: Lacks classes and objects Manual Memory Management: Requires use of pointers and malloc/free No Runtime Error Checking: May cause segmentation faults or crashes Limited High-Level exception handling, limited abstraction Encourages modular Features: No
DATA TYPES IN C Basic Types: int, float, char, double Derived Types: arrays, pointers, structures, unions Void Type Format specifiers: %d, %f, %c, %s
ARRAYS AND STRINGS 01 02 Array String collection of same type elements array of characters
03 04 Declaration String functions strcpy, strlen, strcmp int arr[10];, char name[20];
POINTERS Stores the memory address of another variable Syntax: int *ptr; Operators: & (address of), * (value at) Pointer arithmetic
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