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1. Journal of Science and Technology ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 8, Issue 05 (May -2023) www.jst.org.in DOI:https://doi.org/10.46243/jst.2023.v8.i05.pp45- 48 Design and Fabrication of Aquaponics Using IOT – A Review Jose Malcolm D’souza1, Mohammed Khaif Aman2, Umar Farooq3, Prajwal Manjunath Pujari4, Santhosh S5 1 Mechatronics Engineering, MITE, Mangalore, India, 2 Mechatronics Engineering, MITE, Mangalore, India, 3 Mechatronics Engineering, MITE, Mangalore, India, 4 Mechatronics Engineering, MITE, Mangalore, India, 5 Mechatronics Engineering, MITE, Mangalore, India, To Cite this Article Jose Malcolm D’souza, Mohammed Khaif Aman, Umar Farooq3, Prajwal Manjunath Pujari, Santhosh S , Design and Fabrication of Aquaponics Using IOT – A Review”Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 08, Issue 05,-May 2023, pp45-48 Article Info Received: 11-04-2023 Revised: 11-05-2023 Accepted: 16-05-2023 Published: 23-05-2023 ABSTRACT Aquaponics uses hydroponics and aquaculture instead of soil to grow plants and fish. It is a method of food production that is sustainable for the environment. Fish and plant are partners in a low-cost symbiotic cycle. The plant bed in an aquaponic system receives fish waste (ammonia), which it then filters through a bio-filter. figuring out the nitrate required to develop vegetation. After that, fresh, clean water is added once more to the fish tank to restart the cycle. An aquaponic system's advantage is that it uses water more wisely than conventional irrigation systems. Water is frequently piped between the plant bed and the fish habitat to preserve it. Another advantage of aquaponics is the organic fertilisation of plants using dissolved fish excrement. Another advantage of aquaponics is the organic fertilisation of plants using dissolved fish excrement. When employing plants as a natural substitute for conventional filters, less water quality monitoring is necessary. Our study's long-term goal is to use IOT to pinpoint the perfect conditions for an aquaponics system, which would efficiently and sustainably produce food and conserve water. KEYWORDS: IOT [Internet of Things]. INTRODUCTION A novel method of growing food known as aquaponics does away with the use of soil and chemical fertilisers. It is a hybrid of hydroponics and aquaculture, where plants are raised in a soilless media and fish are utilised to deliver nutrients rather than artificial fertilisers. The primary source of nitrogen for plants in aquaponics systems is nitrate, which is produced by bacteria from the breakdown of fish waste. There are various kinds of aquaponic systems, but media-filled beds are frequently the most common among backyard gardeners. With containers filled with Hydro Tonne or gravel rock that are pumped with water from the fish tank, they are easy to use and maintain.Among the many advantages of aquaponics are increased harvests and less environmental effect. It might be used to grow vegetables on space missions and in space stations, and it has the potential to dramatically increase food output. Aquaponics can have certain negatives, thoughIn commercial operations, nutrient film technology and deep-water culture are more frequently utilised since media-filled beds can make it difficult to harvest fully developed plants. Due to its ability to produce numerous plants in a little amount of space and ease of harvest, the latter is most usually used by commercial farmers. www.jst.org.in Published by: Longman Publishers Page | 45

2. Finally, aquaponics offers a fresh and cutting-edge approach to food production. It doesn't require soil or chemical fertilisers, but it does rely on bacteria to transform fish waste into plant nutrients. Home gardeners frequently choose media-filled beds, whereas commercial operations frequently use nutrient film technology and deep-water culture. Aquaponics has several disadvantages, but it also holds the promise of dramatically increasing food production while lowering the environmental effect of conventional agriculture. I.METHODOLOGY There are various processes involved in the implementation of an aquaponics system employing IoT technology. The hardware of the system must first be designed and constructed with sensors and control systems incorporated. For this, the usage of specialised IoT gadgets, such as pH metres, temperature sensors, and water quality sensors, as well as IoT-enabled controls for pumps, lighting, and other equipment, may be necessary. The setup of the IoT infrastructure, which consists of a network connection, cloud-based data storage, and analysis tools, comes after the system has been established. This will make it possible to monitor and manage the system in real-time while also analysing and optimising the data. The sensors and control systems can be calibrated and tuned to the unique requirements of the aquaponics system once the IoT infrastructure is in place. In addition to creating automatic feeding and watering schedules for the fish and plants, this may entail setting target values for the water's pH, nutrition levels, and temperature. Method of working Utilising the Internet of Things (IoT), aquaponics entails integrating sensors and control systems to monitor and regulate a variety of system characteristics. An outline of how to use IoT technology to enhance an aquaponics system's performance is provided below: 1. Fish feed input: The quantity and timing of fish feed input can be monitored using IoT sensors. In order to improve feeding schedules and cut waste, this data can be analysed. 2. Fish biomass: Sensors can be used to track growth rates and keep track of fish biomass. Feeding schedules can be modified using this information, and water quality can be improved. 3. Fish tank: The water temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen levels in the fish tank may all be monitored with IoT sensors. To ensure the best possible fish health, the environment can be modified using this data. 4. Hydroponics:In a hydroponic system, sensors can be employed to track the nutrient levels. To optimise plant growth, fertiliser dosages can be changed using this data. 5. Plant biomass: Sensors can be used to track growth rates and monitor plant biomass. To optimise plant growth, fertiliser dosages can be changed using this data. Electronic circuit Aquaponics systems that leverage IoT technology use sensors, actuators, and controllers to gather and analyse data on a variety of system components, including water temperature, pH levels, nutrient levels, and fish health. Wirelessly transmitting this data to a central node or cloud-based platform allows for real-time machine learning algorithms to analyse it and improve system performance. The selection of the suitable sensors and actuators for the system's unique requirements is the first stage in putting an IoT-enabled aquaponics system into place. This may contain actuators to manage water flow, nutrition www.jst.org.in Published by: Longman Publishers Page | 46

3. levels, and lighting as well as sensors to measure water quality, temperature, dissolved oxygen levels, and pH levels. The microcontroller, such as an Arduino or Bluetooth module, which serves as the system's brain, is then connected to the sensors. III.RESULTS The adoption of IoT technology in aquaponics systems has produced encouraging improvements in system production, sustainability, and efficiency. Farmers may monitor and optimise the system in real-time using sensors, microcontrollers, wireless connectivity, and cloud-based platforms, allowing them to make data-driven decisions to increase performance. Monitoring water quality metrics like pH levels, dissolved oxygen levels, and nutrient levels, which are essential for plant development and fish health, is one of the main advantages of adopting IoT in aquaponics systems. Farmers may adjust the system so that the plants and fish are receiving the proper amounts of nutrients, oxygen, and pH levels, leading to enhanced growth and health, by keeping an eye on these parameters. Additionally,using a smartphone app or web-based interface, farmers may remotely monitor the system and make modifications using IoT technology from any location. Farmers benefit from flexibility and convenience because they can check on the system and make adjustments without actually being on the farm.Additionally, machine learning techniques can be used to analyse the real-time data gathered from the system in order to spot future problems and enhance system performance. This may result in better yields, less need for water and nutrients, and higher profitability. Incorporating IoT technology into aquaponics systems has generally had favourable outcomes, increasing productivity, sustainability, and efficiency. Farmers may optimise the system to produce maximum yields and profitability while minimising resource usage and environmental impact by using data-driven decisions. IV. DISCUSSION A sustainable technique of farming called aquaponics combines hydroponics, which involves growing plants in nutrient-rich water solutions, with aquaculture, which involves raising fish or other aquatic animals. The plants receive nutrients from the fish waste, and the plants also filter and clean the fish's water. Aquaponics systems can employ IoT (Internet of Things) technology to monitor and regulate several variables, including water quality, temperature, and pH levels. IoT sensors can gather system data and send it to a central database or cloud-based platform, where it can be analysed and used to improve the system's performance. To maintain ideal conditions for the fish and plants, IoT sensors, for instance, may track water quality metrics like dissolved oxygen, ammonia, and nitrate levels and automatically alter the system's aeration, feeding, and water circulation. IoT technology can also be utilised to automate processes like feeding and harvesting, which lowers labour costs and boosts productivity. Aquaponics is a sustainable farming technique that combines aquaculture and hydroponics in a closed-loop system where plants serve to clean fish water and fish waste is used to fertilise plants. The effectiveness, productivity, and sustainability of aquaponics systems can all be significantly improved by integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. Aquaponics systems may be monitored and managed remotelythanks to IoT technology, which enables farmers to detect and modify environmental factors like water temperature, pH levels, and fertiliser levels in real-time. This minimises resource waste while improving fish health and plant growth. IoT sensors can also be used to spot disease or equipment problems at their earliest stages, giving farmers the opportunity to take preventative action.Aquaponics is a closed-loop farming technique that combines hydroponics and aquaculture. It has many benefits over conventional agricultural practises, including less water use, better nutrient control, and higher crop yields. The sustainability, effectiveness, and productivity of aquaponic systems could all be improved by incorporating Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. www.jst.org.in Published by: Longman Publishers Page | 47

4. REFERENCES [1] Sean Alderman, et al. the paper appears in “The Practicality and Sustainability of Aquaponic Agriculture Versus Traditional Agriculture with Emphasis on Application in The Middle East "May 2015. [2] Maryam Sahafi, et al. the paper appears in “Aquaponics: A Sustainable Food Production System” 2014. [3] Shu-Ching Wanga, et al. the paper appears in “To Improve the Production of Agricultural using IoT-based Aquaponics System” 2020. [4] Ibtissame Ezzahoui, et al. the paper appears in “The Aquaponic Ecosystem Using IoT and IA Solutions” 2020. [5] S. Nivetha, et al. the paper appears in “Automated Aquaponics: A Survey”.2019 [6] John Patrick P. Banjao, et al. the paper appears in” Development of Cloud-Based Monitoring of Abiotic Factors in Aquaponics using ESP32 and Internet of Things”2020. [7] Simon Goddek, et al. the paper appears in “Challenges of Sustainable and Commercial Aquaponics ”2015. [8] A. Reyes Yanes, et al. the appears in “Towards automated aquaponics: A review on monitoring, IoT, and smart systems” 2020. [9] Vivek Ramakant Pathmudi, et al. the paper appears in “A systematic review of IoT technologies and their constituents for smart and sustainable agriculture applications” 2022. [10]Sharad Surnar, et al. the paper appears in “Aquaponics: Innovative farming” March 2015. [11]Abel J. Duarte, et al. the paper appears in “Developing an aquaponics system to learn sustainability and social compromise skills” 2015. [12]Yaoguang Wei, et al. the paper appears in “Equipment & Intelligent Control System in Aquaponics”.2016 www.jst.org.in Published by: Longman Publishers Page | 48