the rise of networked individuals lee rainie director

1. THE RISE OF NETWORKED INDIVIDUALS Title: Networked Individuals: How they are reshaping social life and learning environments Subject: Lee Rainie, the Director of the Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project, will describe the latest research findings of the Project about how internet and cell phone users. He will discuss how technology is helping "networked individuals" reshape their relationship to media, to information, and to each other. He will describe how this affects the way they function in universities. Title: Networked Individuals: How they are reshaping social life and learning environments Subject: Lee Rainie, the Director of the Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project, will describe the latest research findings of the Project about how internet and cell phone users. He will discuss how technology is helping "networked individuals" reshape their relationship to media, to information, and to each other. He will describe how this affects the way they function in universities.

2. April 22, 2010 2

3. April 22, 2010 3 Media ecology � then (industrial age) Product Route to home Display Local storage TV stations phone TV Cassette/ 8-track broadcast TV radio broadcast radio stereo Vinyl album News mail Advertising newspaper delivery phone paper Radio Stations non-electronic

4. April 22, 2010 4 Media ecology � now (information age) Product Route to home Display Local storage cable TiVo (PVR) VCR TV stations DSL TV Satellite radio player Info wireless/phone radio DVD �Daily me� broadcast TV PC Web-based storage content books iPod /MP3 server/ TiVo (PVR) Cable Nets broadcast radio stereo PC Web sites satellite monitor web storage/servers Local news mail headphones CD/CD-ROM Content from express delivery pager satellite player cell phone memory individuals iPod / storage portable gamer MP3 player / iPod Peer-to-peer subcarriers / WIFI cell phone pagers - PDAs Advertising newspaper delivery non-electronic cable box Radio stations camcorder/camera PDA/Palm game console game console paper Satellite radio e-reader / Kindle storage sticks/disks e-reader/Kindle

5. April 22, 2010 5 Media ecology � now (information age) Product Route to home Display Local storage cable TiVo (PVR) VCR TV stations DSL TV Satellite radio player Info wireless/phone radio DVD �Daily me� broadcast TV PC Web-based storage content books iPod /MP3 server/ TiVo (PVR) Cable Nets broadcast radio stereo PC Web sites satellite monitor web storage/servers Local news mail headphones CD/CD-ROM Content from express delivery pager satellite player cell phone memory individuals iPod / storage portable gamer MP3 player / iPod Peer-to-peer subcarriers / WIFI cell phone pagers - PDAs Advertising newspaper delivery non-electronic cable box Radio stations camcorder/camera PDA/Palm game console game console paper Satellite radio e-reader / Kindle storage sticks/disks e-reader/Kindle

6. April 22, 2010 6 Media ecology � now (information age) Product Route to home Display Local storage cable TiVo (PVR) VCR TV stations DSL TV Satellite radio player Info wireless/phone radio DVD �Daily me� broadcast TV PC Web-based storage content books iPod /MP3 server/ TiVo (PVR) Cable Nets broadcast radio stereo PC Web sites satellite monitor web storage/servers Local news mail headphones CD/CD-ROM Content from express delivery pager satellite player cell phone memory individuals iPod / storage portable gamer MP3 player / iPod Peer-to-peer subcarriers / WIFI cell phone pagers - PDAs Advertising newspaper delivery non-electronic cable box Radio stations camcorder/camera PDA/Palm game console game console paper Satellite radio e-reader / Kindle storage sticks/disks e-reader/Kindle

7. April 22, 2010 7 Behold the idea of networked individualismBarry Wellman � University of Toronto The turn by people from groups to social networks = a new social operating system

8. April 22, 2010 8 Technology affects network creation, composition Bigger Looser More segmented More layered = More liberated More work More important as sources of support and information, filters, curators, audience

9. April 22, 2010 9 Big societal forces pushing/pulling us toward networked individualism Affluence and affordable technology Changes in family composition, roles, responsibilities Expanding consumer options Income and wealth volatility Job security and longevity Rise of free agency and freelancing Employer changes pushing workers towards management of retirement and health care Rise of DIY politics and religion 44% of Americans switched religious affiliation their lives http://religions.pewforum.org/reports First time history of polling, independents outnumber republicans or democrats � 39% v 33% vs 22% 44% of Americans switched religious affiliation their lives http://religions.pewforum.org/reports First time history of polling, independents outnumber republicans or democrats � 39% v 33% vs 22%

10. April 22, 2010 10

11. April 22, 2010 11 Information ecosystem change � 1 Volume of information grows �The theory of the Long Tail is that our culture and economy is increasingly shifting away from a focus on a relatively small number of "hits" (mainstream products and markets) at the head of the demand curve and toward a huge number of niches in the tail.� -- there is renewed focus on information overload and a desire for info experts to devise new strategies of navigating information ----- Definition at http://www.thelongtail.com/the_long_tail/2005/09/long_tail_101.html � they bump into news � the nature of serendipitous encounters changes �The theory of the Long Tail is that our culture and economy is increasingly shifting away from a focus on a relatively small number of "hits" (mainstream products and markets) at the head of the demand curve and toward a huge number of niches in the tail.� -- there is renewed focus on information overload and a desire for info experts to devise new strategies of navigating information ----- Definition at http://www.thelongtail.com/the_long_tail/2005/09/long_tail_101.html � they bump into news � the nature of serendipitous encounters changes

12. April 22, 2010 12 http://www.emc.com/collateral/analyst-reports/diverse-exploding-digital-universe.pdf IDC report on data increasehttp://www.emc.com/collateral/analyst-reports/diverse-exploding-digital-universe.pdf IDC report on data increase

13. April 22, 2010 13 Information ecosystem change � 2 The variety of info sources increases and democratizes and the visibility of new creators is enhanced in the age of social media. the read/write, Web 2.0 world facilitates participation and the rise of amateur experts -- privacy expectations and norms change -- personal identity is more flexible Clergy Nobility Peasants and workers Press � part of the French Estates General�. "In May 1789, Louis XVI summoned to Versailles a full meeting of the 'Estate General'. The First Estate consisted of three hundred clergy. The Second Estate, three hundred nobles. The Third Estate, six hundred commoners. Some years later, after the French Revolution, Edmund Burke, looking up at the Press Gallery of the House of Commons, said, 'Yonder sits the Fourth Estate, and they are more important than them all.'" Literature is our Parliament too � collective intelligence expands � Pierre Levy and Henry Jenkins � a �5th Estate� emerges - William Dutton the read/write, Web 2.0 world facilitates participation and the rise of amateur experts -- privacy expectations and norms change -- personal identity is more flexible Clergy Nobility Peasants and workers Press � part of the French Estates General�. "In May 1789, Louis XVI summoned to Versailles a full meeting of the 'Estate General'. The First Estate consisted of three hundred clergy. The Second Estate, three hundred nobles. The Third Estate, six hundred commoners. Some years later, after the French Revolution, Edmund Burke, looking up at the Press Gallery of the House of Commons, said, 'Yonder sits the Fourth Estate, and they are more important than them all.'" Literature is our Parliament too � collective intelligence expands � Pierre Levy and Henry Jenkins � a �5th Estate� emerges - William Dutton

14. April 22, 2010 14 Social networking the first recognizable social network site launched in 1997. SixDegrees.com allowed users to create profiles, list their Friends and, beginning in 1998, surf the Friends lists. the first recognizable social network site launched in 1997. SixDegrees.com allowed users to create profiles, list their Friends and, beginning in 1998, surf the Friends lists.

15. April 22, 2010 15 Picture sharing

16. April 22, 2010 16 Posting comments on websites/blogs

17. April 22, 2010 17 Twitter

18. April 22, 2010 18 Blogs

19. Information ecosystem change � 3 People�s vigilance for information changes in two directions: 1) attention is truncated (Linda Stone) 2) attention is elongated (Andrew Keen; Terry Fisher) as people live in state of �continuous partial attention� as engaged users go for deep dives into information flows that interest them �if it catches my eye� � material from Media Management Center at Medill School Attention is the scarce resource Expertise is reorganized and democratizedas people live in state of �continuous partial attention� as engaged users go for deep dives into information flows that interest them �if it catches my eye� � material from Media Management Center at Medill School Attention is the scarce resource Expertise is reorganized and democratized

20. April 22, 2010 20 Information ecosystem change � 4 Velocity of information increases and smart mobs emerge A smart mob is a form of self-structuring social organization through technology-mediated, intelligent emergent behavior. We're seeing the PC, the Internet and the telephone emerging, and we're beginning to see people using mobile communications and the Internet to mobilize and coordinate their collective actions in the real world. Those are "smart mobs." Tell story about Virginia Tech students http://www.smartmobs.com/2006/10/03/ice-cream-politics-flash-mob-in-belarus/ Belarus mob eating ice cream Political adoption of technology � SNS in this current election cycle Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_mob http://www.webtalkguys.com/article-smartmobs.shtml A smart mob is a form of self-structuring social organization through technology-mediated, intelligent emergent behavior. We're seeing the PC, the Internet and the telephone emerging, and we're beginning to see people using mobile communications and the Internet to mobilize and coordinate their collective actions in the real world. Those are "smart mobs." Tell story about Virginia Tech students http://www.smartmobs.com/2006/10/03/ice-cream-politics-flash-mob-in-belarus/ Belarus mob eating ice cream Political adoption of technology � SNS in this current election cycle Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_mob http://www.webtalkguys.com/article-smartmobs.shtml

21. April 22, 2010 21 Information ecosystem change � 5 Venues of intersecting with information and people multiply and the availability of information expands to all hours of the day and all places people are As of third quarter 2008, the average person in the US watched approximately 142 hours of TV in one month. In addition, people who used the Internet were online 27 hours a month, and people who used a mobile phone spent 3 hours a month watching mobile video. The average time a U.S. home used a TV set during the 2007-08 television season was up to 8 hours and 18 minutes per day, a record high since Nielsen started measuring television in the 1950's. Americans are spending more time than ever with their televisions, computers and mobile phones, with television remaining the dominant screen, watched more than 142 hrs a month - 5 hours more than last year. Americans spend more than 6 hours per month watching timeshifted TV, which is more than double the amount of time they watch video online. Men are more likely than women to watch video on mobile phones, while women are more likely then men to watch video on the Internet. As of third quarter 2008, the average person in the US watched approximately 142 hours of TV in one month. In addition, people who used the Internet were online 27 hours a month, and people who used a mobile phone spent 3 hours a month watching mobile video. The average time a U.S. home used a TV set during the 2007-08 television season was up to 8 hours and 18 minutes per day, a record high since Nielsen started measuring television in the 1950's. Americans are spending more time than ever with their televisions, computers and mobile phones, with television remaining the dominant screen, watched more than 142 hrs a month - 5 hours more than last year. Americans spend more than 6 hours per month watching timeshifted TV, which is more than double the amount of time they watch video online. Men are more likely than women to watch video on mobile phones, while women are more likely then men to watch video on the Internet.

22. April 22, 2010 22 Information ecosystem change � 6 The vibrance and immersive qualities of media environments makes them more compelling places to hang out and interact -- Metaverse Roadmap Project Augmented reality -- GPS tied to artifacts Life logging � nike fitness and iPod personal trainer Mirror Worlds � Google Earth Virtual Worlds � Second Life Augmented reality -- GPS tied to artifacts Life logging � nike fitness and iPod personal trainer Mirror Worlds � Google Earth Virtual Worlds � Second Life

23. April 22, 2010 23 Information ecosystem change � 6 The vibrance and immersive qualities of media environments makes them more compelling places to hang out and interact -- Metaverse Roadmap Project Augmented reality -- GPS tied to artifacts Life logging � nike fitness and iPod personal trainer Mirror Worlds � Google Earth Virtual Worlds � Second Life Augmented reality -- GPS tied to artifacts Life logging � nike fitness and iPod personal trainer Mirror Worlds � Google Earth Virtual Worlds � Second Life

24. April 22, 2010 24 Information ecosystem change � 7 Valence (relevance) of information improves � search and customization get better as we create the �Daily Me� and �Daily Us�

25. April 22, 2010 25 Information ecosystem change � 8 Voting on and ventilating about information proliferates as tagging, rating, and commenting occurs and collective intelligence asserts itself

26. April 22, 2010 26 What technology has done to networks Reified networks and made them more vivid Allowed for immediate, ad hoc creation of networks (�Here Comes Everybody� and �Smart Mobs�) Added more segments to networks, especially communities of interest and �just in time, just like me� groups Turned media making into a social activity and a network-building, network-sustaining activity Made it possible for �impersonal� organizations, enterprises to become nodes in people�s networks Created �consequential strangers� and �audience� as social network layers

27. April 22, 2010 27 What technology has done for Networked Individuals. They have a different � Sense of information availability � it�s ambient and �I control the playlist� Sense of time � it�s oriented around �continuous partial attention� and then intense digging Sense of community and connection � it�s about �absent presence� as much as it is about �membership� � and it is portable Sense of the rewards and challenges of networking for social, economic, political, and cultural purposes � new layers and new audiences 1. Persistence. What you say sticks around. This is great for asynchronicity, not so great when everything you've ever said has gone down on your permanent record. The bits-wise nature of social media means that a great deal of content produced through social media is persistent by default. 2. Replicability. You can copy and paste a conversation from one medium to another, adding to the persistent nature of it. This is great for being able to share information, but it is also at the crux of rumor-spreading. Worse: while you can replicate a conversation, it's much easier to alter what's been said than to confirm that it's an accurate portrayal of the original conversation. 3. Searchability. My mother would've loved to scream search into the air and figure out where I'd run off with friends. She couldn't; I'm quite thankful. But with social media, it's quite easy to track someone down or to find someone as a result of searching for content. Search changes the landscape, making information available at our fingertips. This is great in some circumstances, but when trying to avoid those who hold power over you, it may be less than ideal. 4. Scalability. Social media scales things in new ways. Conversations that were intended for just a friend or two might spiral out of control and scale to the entire school or, if it is especially embarrassing, the whole world. Of course, just because something can scale doesn't mean that it will. Politicians and marketers have learned this one the hard way. 5. (de)locatability. With the mobile, you are dislocated from any particular point in space, but at the same time, location-based technologies make location much more relevant. This paradox means that we are simultaneously more and less connected to physical space. 1. Persistence. What you say sticks around. This is great for asynchronicity, not so great when everything you've ever said has gone down on your permanent record. The bits-wise nature of social media means that a great deal of content produced through social media is persistent by default. 2. Replicability. You can copy and paste a conversation from one medium to another, adding to the persistent nature of it. This is great for being able to share information, but it is also at the crux of rumor-spreading. Worse: while you can replicate a conversation, it's much easier to alter what's been said than to confirm that it's an accurate portrayal of the original conversation. 3. Searchability. My mother would've loved to scream search into the air and figure out where I'd run off with friends. She couldn't; I'm quite thankful. But with social media, it's quite easy to track someone down or to find someone as a result of searching for content. Search changes the landscape, making information available at our fingertips. This is great in some circumstances, but when trying to avoid those who hold power over you, it may be less than ideal. 4. Scalability. Social media scales things in new ways. Conversations that were intended for just a friend or two might spiral out of control and scale to the entire school or, if it is especially embarrassing, the whole world. Of course, just because something can scale doesn't mean that it will. Politicians and marketers have learned this one the hard way. 5. (de)locatability. With the mobile, you are dislocated from any particular point in space, but at the same time, location-based technologies make location much more relevant. This paradox means that we are simultaneously more and less connected to physical space.

28. April 22, 2010 28 The dark sides of networked individualism Tech-induced isolation Tech-induced distractions � danger and diversions Tech-induced disclosure - loss of privacy Tech-induced social balkanization and extremism � bonding rather than bridging Tech-abetted failures of �information markets� Tech-abetted awful activities

29. April 22, 2010 29 Why good social networks (and social networking) matter Healthier Wealthier Happier More civically engaged = better communities ----------------------------- Diversity matters � �bridging� is as essential as �bonding� social capital Size matters � networked individuals add to stores of social capital Studies of internet use and geographic communities � neighborhoods � find that internet use increases the number of local social ties (Hampton & Wellman, 2003; Mesch & Levanon, 2003) as well as participation in local civic activities (Kavanaugh, Carroll, Rosson, Zin, & Reese, 2005; Kavanaugh, Reese, & Carroll, 2003). Those with a large, diverse network of relatively weak ties often build that network by participating in diverse social settings, including neighborhoods, public spaces, and voluntary organizations. Weak ties provide specialized social support and access to novel information and resources (Burt, 1992; Granovetter, 1973). Individuals who have more diverse networks, which can come only from participation in diverse social milieus, are more trusting (Putnam, 2000), demonstrate greater social tolerance, cope with daily troubles and trauma more effectively, and tend to be physically healthier (Cohen, Brissette, Doyle, & Skoner, 2000). They have access to more diverse information and resources, which has been shown to assist in search processes, such as finding a job (Granovetter, 1974). Studies of internet use and geographic communities � neighborhoods � find that internet use increases the number of local social ties (Hampton & Wellman, 2003; Mesch & Levanon, 2003) as well as participation in local civic activities (Kavanaugh, Carroll, Rosson, Zin, & Reese, 2005; Kavanaugh, Reese, & Carroll, 2003). Those with a large, diverse network of relatively weak ties often build that network by participating in diverse social settings, including neighborhoods, public spaces, and voluntary organizations. Weak ties provide specialized social support and access to novel information and resources (Burt, 1992; Granovetter, 1973). Individuals who have more diverse networks, which can come only from participation in diverse social milieus, are more trusting (Putnam, 2000), demonstrate greater social tolerance, cope with daily troubles and trauma more effectively, and tend to be physically healthier (Cohen, Brissette, Doyle, & Skoner, 2000). They have access to more diverse information and resources, which has been shown to assist in search processes, such as finding a job (Granovetter, 1974).

30. April 22, 2010 30 Thank you! Lee Rainie Director Pew Internet & American Life Project 1615 L Street NW Suite 700 Washington, DC 20036 Email: Lrainie@pewinternet.org Twitter: http://twitter.com/lrainie 202-419-4500