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Cell Division (part 2): Introduction to mitosis and the cell cycle

Students should be able to: <br>- state the importance of mitosis in growth, repair and asexual reproduction <br>- explain the need for the production of genetically identical cells <br>- identify, with the aid of diagrams, the main stages of mitosis

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Cell Division (part 2): Introduction to mitosis and the cell cycle

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  1. Mitosis - What is mitosis? - Stages of mitosis

  2. Mitosis

  3. What is Mitosis? • In mitosis a cell nucleus divides into two identical ‘daughter’ nuclei • Each daughter nucleus has the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus • e.g. skin cells divide regularly to replace dead cells that have been shed from the surface of your skin – Skin cells (parent cells) contain 46 chromosomes – After mitosis, each daughter cell will also contain 46 chromosomes

  4. Overview of mitosis

  5. Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs of chromosomes) sex chromosomes Consisting of 22 pairs of autosomes + 1 pair sex chromosomes

  6. Chromosomes • Made up of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) • DNA stores all the information that a cell needs to grow and carry out vital activities • This information is stored as sections of DNA (genes) • Daughter cells produced by mitosis are genetically identical to the parent cell

  7. The relationship between DNA and chromosomes

  8. Homologous chromosomes -Homologous chromosomes mean that diploid cells have two copies of each gene, with one copy coming from mom and one copy coming from dad! - However, the sequences of the two genes do not have to be identical

  9. The Cell Cycle (and cancer)

  10. The Cell Cycle is the sequence of stages that a cell passes through between one division and the next • The cell cycle oscillates between i) Interphase, which is divided into the G1 phase (involving a high rate of biosynthesis and growth), the S phase (in which the DNA content is doubled as a consequence of chromosome replication), and the G2 phase (preparatory for cell division) ii) Mitosis (nuclear division) iii) Cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm)

  11. The Cell Cycle

  12. Cell Cycle

  13. To Remember the Cell Cycle…(IMC) • I nterphase (G1, S, G2 phases) P rophase M etaphase A naphase T elophase • Mitosis • C ytokinesis

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