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The Human Eye (part 1): Anatomy of the human eye

Students should be able to:<br>- describe the structure of the eye as seen in front view and in horizontal section

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The Human Eye (part 1): Anatomy of the human eye

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  1. Animal receptor organs Chapter 14

  2. Sense organs ▪ Detect changes in surroundings → make proper adjustments → increase chances of survival ▪ Receptors → receive stimuli → inform body of changes in environment ▪ e.g. dendrites of receptor neurons, eye, ear

  3. Mammalian eye ▪ lies within orbit (depression in skull) ▪ attached by 6 rectus muscles → involved in rotating eyeball

  4. Labeling eye exterior

  5. Labeling eye exterior iris sclera - tough, white, fibrous coat -circular, disc- shaped structure with round hole (pupil) in the centre - white of eye - protective layer around eyeball - colour varies pupil - size changes - regulates light entering (protect inner layer from damage)

  6. eyelid -1) controls amt. of light entering (squinting on sunny days) eyelashes - shields eye from dust particles -2) protection (blinking wipes off dust particles; spreads tears over eyeball; prevent drying up of conjunctiva) -thin transparent membrane; lubricated by tears secreted by lachrymal gland

  7. - tears flow out btw eyelids and exposed part of eyeball, reducing friction when eyelids move - secretes tears - dust particles entering eye cause greater production of tears which wash them away - drains excess tears

  8. Labeling eye interior

  9. - small bulge in front of eye (continuous with sclera) - transparent allows light to enter eye - denser medium c.f. air - light rays refracted inwards toward pupil and lens (greatest light refraction)

  10. Lens • Transparent, biconvex, crystalline lens • Edge attached to ciliary body by suspensory ligaments • Ciliary muscles (involuntary circular muscles) involved in focusing / *accommodation* • Curvature altered by action of ciliary muscles (elastic lens) • Changes in curvature alter focal length of lens so enabling clear images of objects at varying distances to be formed on the retina

  11. - contains ciliary muscle; alter thickness of lens Suspensory ligaments

  12. - Iight sensitive - layer on which images are formed

  13. Eye anatomy summary

  14. Structure of the eye Vitreous humour Rectus muscle Ciliary muscle Lens Fovea centralis Aqueous humour Blind spot Cornea Pupil Optic nerve Iris Blood vessels Suspensory ligaments Retina Choroid Sclera

  15. Activity (labeling the eye)

  16. 3 1 11 4 2 9 sclera ___12____ 7 10 5 8 6

  17. Test Yourself Labeling of the eye

  18. 2 3 1 4 10 9 11 8 7 6 5

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