Trauma_Intervention_Assignment

1. Trauma Intervention Assignment TF-CBT vs NET Presented by Reza Bargahi and Sean Lewis 

2. Theoretical Perspective of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Foundation • Integrates cognitive-behavioral principles with trauma-specific techniques. • Draws on attachment theory, family systems theory, and developmental psychology. Focus • Addresses the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral impact of trauma. Core Assumption • Trauma-related symptoms stem from maladaptive thoughts and behaviors that can be restructures. de Arellano et al., (2014); Syros et al., (2022)

3. Goals of TF-CBT • Primary Objectives: Alleviate PTSD symptoms and emotional distress. • Build adaptive coping mechanisms. • Strengthen caregiver-child relationships. • Population Served: • Children and adolescents aged 3–18 who have experienced trauma. Wang et al., (2023); Syros et al., (2022) Reza Bargahi

4. Intervention Overview • Structure • Conducted over 12–20 sessions. • Individual sessions for children and caregivers, plus joint sessions. • Approach: • Phased model focusing on stabilization, trauma processing, and reintegration. Connors et al., (2021) Reza Bargahi

5. Phase 1 – Stabilization Psychoeducation: - Provides understanding of trauma and its effects. Skills Development: Relaxation techniques (e.g., breathing exercises, mindfulness). Emotional regulation strategies. Cognitive coping (identifying and modifying negative thoughts).  Syros et al., (2022); Harrison et al., (2023) Reza Bargahi

6. Phase 2 - Trauma Narrative Development • Purpose: • Gradual exposure to traumatic memories to desensitize distress. • Process: •  Child creates a detailed narrative of the traumatic event through writing, art, or   storytelling. • Cognitive Restructuring: •   Identifies and challenges distorted beliefs, reducing self-blame and enhancing    adaptive thinking. • Wang et al., (2023). Reza Bargahi

7. Phase 3 - Integration and Consolidation • Family Engagement: • Joint sessions to share trauma narratives with caregivers, fostering support. • Safety Planning: • Develops strategies for future trauma-related challenges. • Skill Application: • Consolidates coping and emotion regulation skills into daily life. • Connors et al., (2021); Harrison et al., (2023) Reza Bargahi

8. Benefits of TF-CBT • Strengths: • Evidence-based treatment with strong empirical support. • Effective in diverse populations and settings. • Involves caregivers, enhancing family dynamics and outcomes. • Outcomes: • Reduces PTSD symptoms, anxiety, depression, and behavior problems. • Wang et al., (2023); Syros et al., (2022) Reza Bargahi

9. Limitations of TF-CBT • Challenges: • Requires trained therapists for effective implementation. • May be difficult to access in under-resourced areas. • Reluctance to engage in trauma narratives can hinder progress. • Cultural Considerations: • Limited adaptation for certain cultural contexts. Connors et al., (2021); Harrison et al., (2023) Reza Bargahi

10. Recommendations for Future Use • Expansion: • Increase availability in schools and community programs. • Develop culturally adapted versions to address diverse populations. • Technology Integration: • Use telehealth to improve accessibility in underserved regions. • Harrison et al., (2023); Chipalo, (2021). • Challenges in Implementation • - Practitioner skills required • - Client engagement issues Reza Bargahi

11. Future Directions • - Innovations in CBT • - Integrations with other therapies • Recommendations for Training • Therapist Training: • Provide comprehensive training on the PRACTICE model. • Incorporate self-care modules to reduce therapist burnout. • Ongoing Support: • Regular supervision and peer collaboration to ensure fidelity to the model. • Connors et al., (2021); Harrison et al., (2023) Reza Bargahi

12. Promising Practices • Innovative Approaches: • Combine TF-CBT with other trauma interventions (e.g., mindfulness-based therapies). • Research Needs: • Examine long-term effects of TF-CBT on diverse trauma types. • Study its efficacy in non-traditional settings. • de Arellano et al., (2014); Syros et al., (2022) • Conclusion on CBT • - Summary of its impact and utility Reza Bargahi

13. Conclusion • Summary: • TF-CBT is a robust, evidence-based intervention for trauma-related symptoms in children and adolescents. • It offers significant benefits but requires careful consideration of barriers and cultural factors. • Future Direction: • Broader implementation and training can enhance its reach and effectiveness. • Wang et al., (2023); Connors et al., (2021). Reza Bargahi

14. Definition and Overview • - Key principles of NET • - Focus on constructing trauma narratives

15. Historical Background • - Development of NET • - Key figures in its evolution

16. Techniques Used in NET • - Chronological trauma processing • - Lifeline construction

17. Applications of NET • - Populations it benefits • - Common disorders treated

18. Strengths of NET • - Effectiveness in complex trauma • - Adaptable for group settings

19. Limitations of NET • - Reliance on verbal processing • - Cultural and linguistic challenges

20. Case Example • - Overview of a sample case • - Application of NET techniques

21. Effectiveness Studies • - Key research findings • - Clinical trials and outcomes

22. Challenges in Implementation • - Practitioner skills required • - Client engagement issues

23. Future Directions • - Innovations in NET • - Adaptations for diverse populations

24. Conclusion on NET • - Summary of its impact and utility

25. Compare and Contrast TF-CBT vs. NET

26. Similarities of TF-CBT and NET • Trauma Processing: Both TF-CBT and NET aim to help individuals confront and process traumatic experiences. • Emotional Regulation: Both interventions emphasize building skills for emotional regulation to manage distressing thoughts and feelings. • Structured Framework: Both therapies are structured and focus on a systematic approach to help individuals process trauma in a controlled manner. • Dalgleish et al., (2015) Reza Bargahi

27. Shared Goals of TF-CBT and NET • Reduction of PTSD Symptoms: Both therapies focus on reducing symptoms of PTSD such as intrusive thoughts, anxiety, and hyperarousal. • Improved Functioning: Both TF-CBT and NET aim to improve daily functioning and emotional well-being. • Narrative Development: Both therapies involve constructing a narrative about traumatic experiences, enabling individuals to reframe and •  understand their trauma. • Dalgleish et al., (2015) • Differences • - Theoretical foundations • - Techniques used Reza Bargahi

28. Common Treatment Structure • Assessment and Goal Setting: Both therapies begin with an assessment phase to tailor treatment to the client’s specific needs and trauma history. • Trauma Exposure: Both interventions involve controlled exposure to traumatic memories—TF-CBT uses cognitive-behavioral techniques, while NET utilizes narrative storytelling for trauma processing. • Skill Building: Both therapies provide clients with coping mechanisms and emotional regulation tools to manage trauma-related distress. • Dalgleish et al., (2015) • Client Suitability • - Types of trauma each is best suited for • - Client preferences and cultural considerations Reza Bargahi

29. Effectiveness • - Comparison of research outcomes • - Population-specific findings

30. Effectiveness • - Comparison of research outcomes • - Population-specific findings

31. Conclusion • - Summary of key comparisons • - Recommendations for practice

32. References Chipalo, E. (2021). Is trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) effective in reducing trauma symptoms among traumatized refugee children? A systematic review. Journal of Child  & Adolescent Trauma, 14(4), 545–558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-021-00370-0 Connors, E. H., Prout, J., Vivrette, R., Padden, J., & Lever, N. (2021). Trauma-focused cognitive  behavioral therapy in 13 urban public schools: Mixed methods results of barriers,       facilitators, and implementation outcomes. School Mental Health, 13(4), 772–790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-021-09445-7 Dalgleish, T., Goodall, B., Chadwick, I., Werner-Seidler, A., McKinnon, A., Morant, N., Schweizer, S., Panesar, I., Humphrey, A., Watson, P., Lafortune, L., Smith, P., & Meiser-Stedman, R. (2015). Trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy versus treatment as usual for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in young children aged 3 to 8 years: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, 16(1), 116. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-015-0632-2 Reza Bargahi

33. de Arellano, M. A., Kalichman, S. C., & Kohn, A. (2014). Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy for children: A review of the effectiveness. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 7(1), 18–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-013-0456-2 Harrison, J. P., Deblinger, E., Pollio, E., Cooper, B., & Steer, R. A. (2023). TF-CBT training augmented with a self-care focus: Understanding facilitators and barriers to treatment implementation. Community Mental Health Journal, 59(7), 1409–1421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-023-01130-0 Syros, I., Karantzali, A., & Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous, X. (2022). Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), cognitive behavioral intervention on trauma in schools (CBITS), and other promising practices in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: Evidence evaluation. OBM Neurobiology, 6. https://doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204146 Wang, W., Chen, K., & Zhang, H. (2023). Effectiveness of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy among maltreated children: A meta-analysis. Research on Social Work Practice, 33(8), 913–928. https://doi.org/10.1177/10497315221147277 Reza Bargahi