Pennsylvania History

1. Pennsylvania History 1865-2009

2. Industrial Pennsylvania: 1865-1900 • During the Second half of the 19th century Pennsylvania became an industrial giant • Major Industries: • Steel: Pittsburgh • Coal: Anthracite • Manufacturing: Philly

3. Industrial Pennsylvania: 1865-1900 • During the Second half of the 19th century Pennsylvania became an industrial giant • Major Industries: • Steel: Pittsburgh • Coal: Anthracite • Manufacturing: Philly

4. Industrial Pennsylvania: 1865-1900 • During the Second half of the 19th century Pennsylvania became an industrial giant • Major Industries: • Steel: Pittsburgh • Coal: Anthracite • Manufacturing: Philly

5. Pennsylvania Lumber IndustryWilliamsport, PA

6. Agriculture in Pennsylvania • The settlement and development of western and northern Pennsylvania initially occurred because of agriculture. Cereals and livestock continued to be the mainstays of the farmer. The rise of agricultural societies such as the Grange and of county fairs led to improvements in farm methods and machinery. Pennsylvania turned toward a market-oriented approach in the mid-1800s. While the number of farms has declined since 1900, farm production has increased dramatically to meet consumer demands.

7. Railroad Industry in Pennsylvania • At its peak, the Commonwealth had more than 10,000 miles of railroad track. By 1915 the state's railroads had ceased to expand, and after World War I both passenger and freight service were reduced.

8. Republican Dominance: 1861-1935 • From 1861 to 1883 Republicans held the governorship. Then, a factional split within the Republicans led to the election of Democrat Robert E. Pattison, and his reelection in 1891. After that, Republicans held the governor's office until 1935.

9. Penn: Progressive Era [1900-1917] • Progressive Reforms in Pennsylvania during the Progressive Era • Regulation of the Corp. • Anti-trust reform • Vote for Women • Race: NAACP • Wage and Hour laws • Child Labor laws

10. 1902 Anthracite Coal Strike • The Coal Strike of 1902 was a strike by the United Mine Workers of America in the anthracite coal fields of eastern Pennsylvania. The strike threatened to shut down the winter fuel supply to all major cities (homes and apartments were heated with anthracite or "hard" coal

11. Miner’s Victory in 1902 • The miners asked for 20% wage increases, and most were given a 10% increase. The miners had asked for an eight-hour day and were awarded a nine-hour day instead of the standard ten hours then prevailing. While the operators refused to recognize the United Mine Workers, they were required to agree to a six-man arbitration board, made up of equal numbers of labor and management representatives, with the power to settle labor disputes. Mitchell considered that de facto recognition and called it a victory.

12. Penn: World War I • Pennsylvania's resources and manpower were of great value to the war effort of 1917-1918. The shipyards of Philadelphia and Chester were decisive in maintaining maritime transport. Pennsylvania's mills and factories provided a large part of the war materials for the nation. Nearly three thousand separate firms held contracts for war supplies of various types. Pennsylvanians subscribed to nearly three billion dollars worth of Liberty and Victory Bonds, and paid well over a billion dollars in federal taxes during the war.

13. Pennsylvania: The Great Depression • Massive Unemployment in industrial Pennsylvania • Steelworkers • Coal Miners • Factory Workers • Agricultural Workers

14. New Deal in Pennsylvania • The enormous adjustments necessary for dealing with the unemployment and economic chaos of the 1930s led to the revival of the Democratic Party. Democrats captured Pittsburgh in 1933, and the administration of Governor George H. Earle (1935-1939) was modeled on the New Deal of President Roosevelt.

15. WPA in Pennsylvania • The Works Progress Administration [1935-1942] put thousands of unemployed Pennsylvanians to work during the Great Depression

16. Pennsylvania: World War II • In World War II, 1.25 million Pennsylvanians served in the armed forces, or about one-eighth of the population. Also, one out of every seven members of the armed forces in World War II was a Pennsylvanian.

17. Pennsylvania: World War II • The chief of staff, General of the Army George C. Marshall, was a native of Uniontown.

18. Pennsylvania: World War II • The commander of the Army Air Forces was General of the Army Henry H. Arnold, born in Gladwyne. Pennsylvania.

19. Pennsylvania: World War II • More Medals of Honor were awarded to Pennsylvanians than to citizens of any other state. There were 40 military and naval installations in Pennsylvania, including two large camps, Indiantown Gap and Camp Reynolds. • Altogether, there were 130 generals and admirals from Pennsylvania

20. World War II • Pennsylvanians paid over two billion dollars a year in taxes and were second only to New Yorkers in the purchase of war bonds. Under the leadership of the State Council of Defense, more than a million and a half people were organized to protect the state against enemy attack and to aid in the war effort.