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Bài giảng Hóa học 9 - Bài 3: Tính chất hoá học của

Axit tu00e1c du1ee5ng vu1edbi nhiu1ec1u kim lou1ea1i tu1ea1o thu00e0nh muu1ed1i vu00e0 giu1ea3i phu00f3ng khu00ed hiu0111ro<br>Chu00fa u00fd: HNO3 tu00e1c du1ee5ng u0111u01b0u1ee3c vu1edbi nhiu1ec1u kim lou1ea1i nhu01b0ng nu00f3i chung khu00f4ng giu1ea3i phu00f3ng khu00ed hiu0111ro.<br>https://lop6.edu.vn/

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Bài giảng Hóa học 9 - Bài 3: Tính chất hoá học của

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  1. Tiết 5 - Bµi 3: TÝnh chÊt ho¸ häc cña axit

  2. Néi dung bµi häc • Axit lµm ®æi mµu chÊt chØ thÞ mµu. • Axit t¸c dông víi kim lo¹i. • Axit t¸c dông víi baz¬. • Axit t¸c dông víi «xit baz¬.

  3. 1. Axit lµm ®æi mµu chÊt chØ thÞ mµu • Dung dÞch axit lµm ®æi mµu quú tÝm thµnh ®á. • Quú tÝm lµ chÊt chØ thÞ mµu ®Ó nhËn biÕt dung dÞch axit.

  4. 2. Axit t¸c dông víi kim lo¹i (xem phim) VD: • 2HCl(dd) + Fe(r) FeCl2(dd) + H2(k) • 3H2SO4(dd lo·ng) + 2Al(r) Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2(k) Axit t¸c dông víi nhiÒu kim lo¹i t¹o thµnh muèi vµ gi¶i phãng khÝ hi®ro Chó ý: HNO3 t¸c dông ®­îc víi nhiÒu kim lo¹i nh­ng nãi chung kh«ng gi¶i phãng khÝ hi®ro.

  5. 3. Axit t¸c dông víi baz¬ VD: H2SO4(dd) + Cu(OH)2 CuSO4(dd) + 2H2O Axit t¸c dông víi baz¬ t¹o thµnh muèi vµ n­íc. • Ph¶n øng cña axit víi baz¬ ®­îc gäi lµ ph¶n øng trung hoµ.

  6. 4. Axit t¸c dông víi oxit baz¬ VD: Fe2O3(r) + 6HCl(dd) 2FeCl3(dd) + 3H2O(l) Axit t¸c dông víi oxit baz¬ t¹o thµnh muèi vµ n­íc.

  7. Chó ý: Dùa vµo tÝnh chÊt ho¸ häc, axit ®­îc ph©n thµnh 2 lo¹i: • Axit m¹nh: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4. • Axit yÕu: H3PO4, H2SO3, H2CO3.

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