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  1. Chapter one • Introduction compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  2. Key terms • WWW • Webpage • Html • Browser • URL • http • website • Web Hosting and Domain Name Registration compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  3. World Wide Web (WWW) • WWW is a vast collection of information that is spread across hundreds of thousands of computers around the world via internet. • The backbone of the World Wide Web is the Hypertext Markup Language, often simply referred to as HTML. • Users navigate the WWW through the use of hypertext links. • Most of the documents on the WWW are written in HTML. compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  4. World Wide Web is combination of four ideas: Hypertext, Resource identifier, Client-server architecture and Markup language. • Hypertext: is the ability to move from one part of a document to another or from one document to another through internal connections among these documents (called "hyperlinks"). • Resource identifier: is the ability on a computer network to locate a particular resource on the network through a unique identifier called IP address. • There is unique Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is associated with each web page. • HTTP is a protocol used to transfer data over the web; it is a simple request/response protocol. compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  5. The client-server model: In this, which client software or a client computer makes requests of server software or a server computer that provides the client with resources or services, such as data orfiles. • Markup language: is a computer language for clarifying the contents of a document. i.ehow to print or display the text. • W3C(world wide consortium)is thenon-profit organizations which makes the web standard. The W3C's goal is to create technical standards and guidelines for web technologies worldwide.  • The most known web standards are: HTML, CSS, XML, andXHTML. compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  6. Client serverarchitecture • Client(“front-end”): Gathers information from the user, submits it to a server, then receives, formats, and presents the results returned from the server. • Server(“back-end”): Fulfills a request for information by managing the request or serving the requested information to the client. • “Front-end” refers to any aspect of the design process that appears in or relates directly to the browser. • “Back-end” refers to the programs and scripts that work on the server behind the scenes to make web pages dynamic and interactive. compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  7. . compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  8. The web works based on the following steps: • You request a page by typing URL (http://www.wsu.edu.et) • Your browser send an HTTP request on the server named in the URL and asks for a specific file. • The server looks for the request file and sends an either of the following HTTP response. • If the page cannot be found. The server return an error message which says “404” not found. • If the document is found. The server retrieves the requested file and returns it to the browser. compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  9. The browser parses the HTML document. If the page contains images(indicated by the HTML img tag), the browser contacts the server again to request each image files specified in the markup. • The browser inserts each image in the document flow where indicated by the img. Then, the assembled web page is displayed for your viewing pleasure. compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  10. Web page • Web page is a document available on world wide web, which can contain text, graphics, animation, audio, and video. • Website is the collection of related web pages. (www.google.com) • A Web Server is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer. compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  11. Types of web-pages • Static Vs. Dynamic webpages • In the Static web pages, user can only read the information but can’t do any modification. • Static web pages are only used when the information is no more required to be modified. • Each web page is a separate document and there are no databases or external files that are drawn upon. • They contain HTML code, each time an HTML page is loaded, it looks the same. compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  12. Cont.. • A Dynamic web page is a web page that displays different content each time it's viewed. • Dynamic web pages are developed by scripting languages like PHP, JSP, node jsand ASP to allow the users changing the contents of the web pages. • Potentially able to make updates without needing any change of HTML document. compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  13. Web page design tools • Notepad • Notepad++ • Dream waver • Visual studio code • Wamp • Xampp • … • Etc. • Wamp: is an acronym for Windows Operating System, Apache(Web server), MySQL Database, PHP Language. • Xampp: is an acronym for X( any Operating System), Apache(Web server), MySQL Database, PHP Language and PERL. • mango DB compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  14. Client Side Scripting • Html • CSS • Javascript • React js • Html- • is a markup language for describing Webpages • CSS- Cascade Style Sheet • describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other media. • Javascript- • is a popular programming language that's built into all the major web browsers and used to make web pages interactive compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  15. Server Side Scripting • Hypertext Preprocessor(PHP). PHP is a popular general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development. • <?php .... ?> • Node js. compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  16. HTTP and HTTPs • It is a communications protocol • Used for retrieving inter-linked text documents (hypertext) led to the establishment of the World Wide Web. • HTTP is a request/response standard between a client and a server. • Typically, an HTTP client initiates a request • It establishes a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection to a particular port on a host (port 80 by default). • An HTTP server listening on that port waits for the client to send a request message. compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  17. HTTP uses TCP and not UDP because much data must be sent for a webpage, and TCP provides transmission control, presents the data in order, and provides error correction. • Resources to be accessed by HTTP are identified using (URIs) (or, more specifically, (URLs)) using the http: or https URI schemes. compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  18. Browserand Web server • Browser is used to retrieve and display information from a Web server by using HTTP protocol. • Example: Microsoft internet explorer, Mozilafirefox, Opera, Safari, Google chrome ,Microsoft Edge and etc. • Web server is used to store, process and deliver web pages to the users. • Example: Apache(most widely used Web server software), IIS(internet information server), Netscape Web server and etc. compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  19. Universal resourcelocator (URL) • A URL is the exact address or location of the electronic files/web page to be retrieved on the internet. It is also called web address. • It consists of a protocol, domain name, and sometimes the path to a specific Web page or location on a Web page. • Example: http://www.Yahoo.com/mypage/about.html • www.yahoo.com:- represents the domain name • /mypage :- represents the path of the web page • about.html :- represent the web page name/file name. compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  20. Domain namesystems(DNS) • Domain name is a human readable name given to a server for ease of reference by human, i.e. It is an IP address in the textual form rather than numbers. • The Domain Name System is a system by which it converts human-readable name(domain name) such as “www.wsu.edu.et” to their corresponding IP addresses; 191.57.126.24. • Their conversions are done by software systems called domain name servers. • Domain name server is simply a computer that contains a database of domain names and their corresponding IP addresses. compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  21. Domain name is constructed hierarchically. (i.ewww.wsu.edu.et) • Label can be up to 63 characters long and are case insensitive • Labels must start with a letter and can only consists of letters, digits and hyphens. • The final most significant label of a fully qualified name can be:- • Three letter code :- indicate the type of organization hosting the computer compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  22. . compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  23. Two letter codes:-indicate the country of origin • .et for Ethiopia • .kr for Korea • After the completion of the web project the selected web hosting company provides the domain name based on the requested hosting plan. • Examples: bluehost, siteground, HostGator,Ethio-Telecom and etc. compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  24. Things to be considered when developing website compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  25. compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

  26. Q &A compiled by Tekle D(MSc.)

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