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HEART DISEASE • An Overview
LEARNING CONTENT What is heart disease? Diagnosis Symptoms & Causes Treatment Risk Factors
WHAT IS HEART DISEASE? Heart disease is an overall term for a range of conditions which affect the heart. These include blood vessel diseases, coronary heart disease, heart arrhythmias, congenital heart defects and heart valve disease.
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE • Causes Atherosclerosis is the most common cause. This is when fatty deposits build up in the arteries. • Symptoms The symptoms of coronary artery disease include chest pains, chest tightness (angina), shortness of breath, neck pain and numbness in the legs or arms.
HEART ARRHYTHMIAS • Causes There are many causes of arrhythmias. These include, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, illegal drug use and smoking. Caffeine, alcohol, stress and raised blood pressure are also known causes. • Symptoms The symptoms of heart arrhythmias include chest pains, dizziness, fainting, light-headedness and a slow or fast heartbeat.
CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS • Causes The cause is not completely known, however it is felt to be due to changes to genes, medicines and environmental factors such as alcohol use during pregnancy. • Symptoms The symptoms of congenital heart defects include grey or blue skin, leg swelling, infant shortness of breath and poor weight gain in infants.
HEART VALVE DISEASE • Causes • Symptoms Rheumatic fever, connective tissue disorders and infectious endocarditis are common causes. Babies may also be born with valve issues. The symptoms of heart valve disease include chest pains, fainting, fatigue and an irregular heartbeat.
RISK FACTORS • Age • Smoking • Obesity • Diabetes • Unhealthy diet • Family history
DIAGNOSIS • ECG • CT scan • Blood tests • MRI scan • Echocardiogram • Angiogram
TREATMENT Heart disease can be managed and treated by stopping smoking, having a healthier diet, exercising more, managing stress levels, medication, surgery and managing blood pressure.
HEART DISEASE • The End