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Cloud, IoT and Blockchain Eralda Frroku
Course Objectives • Understand the technical foundations of digital transformation • Know innovative technologies and their uses • Connected objects • Big data • Cloud computing • Blockchain
Summary • Impact of IS • Urbanization of IS • Equipment • Disruptive technologies • Digital transformation • Impact of digital on strategy
Impact of IS Measuring the issues Levelsdecision-making Digital transformation
The impact of digital One characteristic: value is not created on the tangible assets of the company, but on its intangible assets (intangible), that is to say assets based on knowledge” (intellectual capital).
The Fours Pillars of Digital Transformation: SMAC • Social, Mobile, Analytics, and Cloud or SMAC represent the 4 main investments in IT to make for your business to embrace the unavoidable trend towards digital transformation. A successful transition process means retaining or gaining a decisive competitive advantage in the digital age
The challenges tackled by SMAC:SOCIAL • Social media have taken a central role in the creation, diffusion and sharing of content. • Social media are essential to: • Communication, including corporate communication, with the rise of corporate social networks • Marketing, through the ever-growing role of influencers and social selling • Sales, thanks to social commerce: Facebook and Instagram both offer services for vendors to promote their products. • Customer Relationship Management: Social CRMs integrate social media channels to communicate with your customers directly • Human Resources: HR communication and the promotion of your employer brand could leverage social networks
Mobility • Geolocation, which has enabled finer behavioral analysis and more helpful content to be pushed to customers • mobile payment • electronic signatures • To make your strategy more Mobile, you could: • equip your sales team with a mobile CRM to plan sales trips and share data in real-time • develop teleworking: the entire office can be digitized and become mobile, turning into a digital workplace • develop mobile apps to build more interactive and personalized interfaces and services, which could integrate geolocation
Analytics • A key issue in the digital age is data, and its exploitation by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning. Businesses leverage big data, small data and smart data to obtain statistics and gain meaningful insights on the best course of action to take. • Data analytics can be used for the following purposes: • knowing your customers better • managing and maintaining machines more efficiently • anticipating the needs of your business and customers • automating processes (marketing automation, chatbots…)
Cloud • Without a robust cloud infrastructure, SMAC cannot be implemented properly. Cloud services serve as an essential base to: • store massive amounts of data on remote servers • share this data and access your data online • view your data anywhere, from any device and in real-time • Bonus: Security
Digital transformation: SMACS Digital Transformation of Businesses
“ SMAC” ( S ocial, M obile, Analytic , C loud) Examples: The analysis of 5 million Tweets (Mobile, social networks) before the Eurovision subsidiary made it possible to know the result ahead of time (Conchita Wurst, 2015). The nature of the queries performed on Google made it possible to accurately predict the expansion of a flu epidemic.
The impact of digital The combination of social, mobile, analytics and cloud is called “ SMAC” . The impact of “SMAC” is significantly greater than the sum of its individual components . “SMAC” is considered a fifth wave of computer architecture. In 2020, more than 100 billion computing devices are connected to the environment and future organizations will need to process 50 times more data than those currently. Over the next decade, "SMAC" will be a mainstream development platform for developers and they will create hundreds of thousands of "Killer" applications for businesses. It can be predicted that in 2020, almost 50% of business critical applications/solutions will be newly created from the SMAC environment.
Case study .. • A short case study of SMAC technique in digital transformation • Case Study: RetailTech's Digital Transformation with SMAC • Case study : SMART technique • Course work : Sage Advice France
Information system References Information Systems. (2017, June 05). Retrieved July 28, 2020, from https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_system Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J. P. (2012). Management Information Systems, twelfth edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Valacich, J. and Schneider, C. (2010). Information Systems Today – Managing in the Digital World, fourth edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Types of Information System • Transaction Processing Systems (TPS): Record and process day-to-day business transactions. • Management Information Systems (MIS): Generate reports for middle and lower-level managers. • Decision Support Systems (DSS): Provide data and tools for strategic decision-making. • Executive Information Systems (EIS): Offer high-level information for top executives. • Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): Integrate various business processes into a single system. • Customer Relationship Management (CRM): Manage interactions with customers.
Importance of Information Systems: • Information systems are crucial for organizations in several ways: • Enhance Efficiency: Automate tasks, reduce errors, and streamline processes. • Improve Decision-Making: Provide timely, accurate data for informed choices. • Support Competitive Advantage: Enable businesses to respond to market changes. • Facilitate Communication: Foster collaboration and information sharing. • Enhance Customer Service: Offer better service and support to customers. • Challenges and Considerations: • Information systems also present challenges, such as security and privacy concerns, and the need for ongoing maintenance and updates.
Measures of Suitability (MOS) • A measure of an item’s ability to be supported in its intended operational environment. MOSs typically relate to readiness or operational availability and, hence, reliability, maintainability, and the item’s support structure. • Measure of Effectiveness (MOE) : • IS a measure of the ability of a system to meet its specified needs (or requirements) from a particular viewpoint. • This measure may be quantitative or qualitative and it allows comparable systems to be ranked. 23 Actigram of a system FUNCTION OVERALL MOE MOS MOS = MOE + VA The added value does not appear directly on the actigram
Place of IS in the organization. Real Information system Filtered Real Perceived SD Information Flow IF SO
Physical level of IS Reminder of basic notions of IS Data external DW Strategy EIS DSS tactical DBMS internal operational MIS operating GST
Impact areas – determine the effects of the new system • Strategy(Competitive Advantage, Long-term Strategy • Financial impact(Costs, revenue ) • Structure, Technical (Integration, Scalability, Reliability) • Men(Training, Workload) • Systems(Efficiency, Productivity, Workflows) • Culture(impact the organizational culture, including communication patterns and collaboration.)
PESTEL model • This tool is especially useful when starting a new business or entering a foreign market. It is often used in collaboration with other analytical business tools such as the SWOT analysis and Porter’s Five Forces to give a clear understanding of a situation and related internal and external factors
A short case study using PESTEL Model • A short case study using the PESTEL model to analyze the macro-environmental factors impacting a hypothetical coffee chain called "CaféGlobal."
IS performance • The model assesses the success of information systems in terms of six interrelated dimensions:System Quality:Information Quality:Service Quality:Intention to Use:User Satisfaction:Net Benefits
Performance of the technical system (system quality ) • Response time • Delay between request and response • Scalability • Ability to process additional request without slowdown • The availability • Time without system shutdown (in percentage) • Robustness • No data loss • Bandwidth • Network capacity to transfer information
Performance of the technical system (system quality ) Applications 98% Data Runtime 98% Middleware OS 99% Virtualization Servers Availability = 98*98*99 = 95% Storage Network
Concrete example 1/3 • A trader places orders online using a specialized application available at 99.9%. It is installed on a regularly updated computer (the daily update lasts 5 minutes) during the 8 hours it is running during the day. The service provider is available 99.5% of the time. • The total system availability is: • Application available x Computer available x Network available (ISP) • Computer availability = 1 – 5/(8*60) = 1 – 0.0104 = 0.9896 therefore 98.96% • Total availability = 0.999*0.99.5*0.9896 = 0.9836 therefore 98.36%
Concrete example 2/3 • We correct this by taking a second computer (it has the lowest availability and we can act on it) • By doubling the computer, we work on the unavailability of the system consisting of two computers. One replaces the other. • Computer unavailability = 0.0104 therefore 1.04% • Problem only if one or the other is unavailable: • Unavailability of both = 0.0104*0.0104 = 0.0001 therefore 0.01% • The system composed of two computers is available at 1 – 0.0001 = 0.9999 therefore 99.99% • The overall system availability becomes (with the system of both computers) • 0.999*0.995*0.9999 = 0.9939 therefore 99.39%
Concrete example 3/3 • Finally, it was decided to take a second complete working environment another computer with another application and accessing the stock market through another internet service provider • There is only a problem if both systems are down simultaneously. • Availability of a system: 0.9836 therefore 98.36% • Unavailability of a system: 1 – 0.9836 = 0.0164 therefore 1.64% • Unavailability of both work environments • = 0.0164*0.0164 = 0.0003 therefore 0.03% • Overall availability = 1 – 0.0003 = 0.9997 therefore 99.97% • Availability in days = 0.9997*365 = 364.89 days
Performance of the information system (information quality )
Service performance (service quality ) • Physical, tangible aspect • Reliability • Reactivity • Welcome • Empathy
Question : • Scenario: An e-commerce company uses a recommendation engine to suggest products to its customers. The engine analyzes customer purchase history and browsing behavior to make personalized recommendations. • Question: How does "Information Quality" impact the effectiveness of the recommendation engine? Provide examples of issues that can arise if the quality of customer data is compromised.
Lesson 2 …. • IS • hardware • Software • Security
QUESTIONS: • . Under the category of IoT, pick two products and explain how IoT has changed the product. Review the price before and after the technology was introduced. Has this new technology increased popularity for the item?. • Go to Old-Computer.com - Pick one computer from the listing and write a brief summary. Include the specifications for CPU, memory, and screen size. Now find the specifications of a computer being offered for sale today and compare. • . Go on the web and compare and contrast two smartphones on the market. Is one better than the other, and if so, why. Be sure to include the price.
Software • Software is a set of instructions that tell the hardware what to do. • The software component can be broadly divided into two categories: system software and application software.
Questions : • 1. Which of the following are operating systems and which are applications: Microsoft Excel, Google Chrome, iTunes, Windows, Android, Angry Birds. • Answer: a. Microsoft Excel (application), Google Chrome (application), iTunes (application), WIndows (operating system), Android (operating system), Angry Birds (application) • 2-What is open-source software? How does it differ from closed-source software? Give an example of each. • a. Open-source software is software that makes the source code available for anyone to copy and use. It is free to download, copy, and distribute. Closed-source software does not make the source code available and generally is not free to download, copy, and distribute. There are many examples of both, such as: Firefox (open source), Linux (open source), iTunes (closed source), Microsoft Office (closed source). • 3-4. What is your favorite software application? What tasks does it help you accomplish?
Urbanization of IS From mapping to strategic alignment
The maps of an IS • Job • Describe the activity • Functional • Describe functions and information flows hierarchically • Application • Data, processing and messages • Technical • Machines, operating systems and DBMS
Strategic alignment from theory to reality • Identify the reasons for non-alignment of the information system • the most common reasons are (derived from CIGREF): • Lack of clear strategy or unclear vision of the company's future trajectory • Information system left behind in strategy formulation; • Functional division of the organization into “citadels” favoring specialization to the detriment of coordination; • Absence of dialogue between the business lines, general management and the information systems department; • Plurality of decision centers concerning the information system; • Conflicts or misunderstandings between management; • Abrupt change or versatile approach to strategy • Evolutionary scope of the company (merger, regrouping, etc.)
