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Lesson 1 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE STUDY TO SOCIETY CONTEMPORARY WORLD Prepared by: Elsie Joy Licarte-Misoles, LPT
Attheendofthelesson, the students are expectedto: • Define Science • Define Technology • Define Society • Discuss the features of STS • Discuss some of the notable human successes in the field of Science and Technology. • Know the disadvantages and ethical dilemmas of science and technology. LearningObjectives
Science is the systematic study of nature, both living and nonliving aspect of nature including natural phenomena like thunder, weather, etc.
Technology is the organization of knowledge for the achievement of practical purposes or a set of skills, techniques or activities for shaping materials and fabricating objects for practical ends.
-Technology is used by people in building houses, irrigations, and in developing tools that they can use in everyday life. They developed tools for planting, hunting, cooking, and fishing; for fighting their enemies during war or tribal conflicts; and for transportation, both on land and on waterways. They also developed technologies in creating musical instruments.
Society is the system of collective, cohabitation of groups of individuals with mutual understanding, benefits and common goals.
-aim at increasing our ability to comprehend and apply the concepts of scientific and technological systems
1. As the discipline that raises a generation of citizens who understand the nature of things in the environment. 2. A generation of citizens who are aware of changes taking the place around them. 3. A generation who can adjust to the changes in the environment.
4. A generation who is equipped to deal with forces that influences the future; 5. A generation who can take her future in her own hands
A discipline that embodies the relationship of science and technology and how the two shape the society and vice-versa.
Some of the Notable Human Successes in the Field of Science and Technology
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION In the early times, people questioned what made days and nights. They wanted to know what heavenly bodies like stars, moons and planets are. The invention of the telescope gave people the opportunity to take a glimpse at the outer space, but most importantly, knowing what is really out there fascinated them.
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION A famous philosopher and astronomer, Claudius Ptolemy, believed that the Earth was at the center, and the sun and the moon revolved around it. The sun and moon’s revolution explained the existence of days and nights. This concept is known as geocentrism. This model was widely accepted by the people and was one of the greatest discoveries of that time.
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION However, during the 16th century, a Polish mathematician and astronomer named Nicolaus Copernicus, challenged the Ptolemic model. He introduced a new concept known as heliocentrism. This suggested that the sun was the center of the Solar system and not Earth. The public rejected this idea at first but after some time, astronomers realized that the Copernican model simplified the orbits for planets. It was finally accepted by the people in a period which was called the birth of modern astronomy.
DARWINIAN THEORY OF EVOLUTION This has brought a great impression on how people approach Biology forever. Charles Darwin, an English naturalist , biologist, and geologist published two (2) books, The Origin of Species (1859) and Descent of Man (1871). He believed that men descended from apes.
DARWINIAN THEORY OF EVOLUTION In his first book, he introduced the theory of evolution, which means that species have the ability to adapt to their environment and would progressively change into something that would be more competitive in order to survive. He suggested that people go through a process called natural selection wherein only the fittest would survive. Nonetheless, this theory became very controversial because people see this as a contradiction against the teachings of the church where they believe that a powerful creator was the source of life. This was the period when people believed and accepted the biblical version of the Earth’s creation. Because of this, people were divided- some believed that the theory explained the origin of life, while the devout and the faithful strongly disproved. It took a while for people to realize that Darwin’s theory of evolution was not in contradiction of the teachings of the church and both can coexist.
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION The theory started to revolutionize Psychiatry with Sigmund Freud. In the past, psychology was always classified under philosophy and that it was considered more of an art rather than a science. However, in the late 19th century, Sigmund Freud was able to change people’s perception of psychology with his revolutionary theory, the study of human behavior called psychoanalysis.
FREUDIAN REVOLUTION He theorized three (3) aspects of personality that significantly influenced human behavior. These are the structures or levels of the mind (conscious, pre-conscious, and unconscious); the structures or the levels of personality (id, ego, and superego); and the psychosexual stages of development.
THE THREE LEVELS OF MIND Conscious mind (lowest level) - consists of our thoughts, desires, and wishes we are aware of or can be recalled at any time. Pre-conscious mind - consists of experiences that we are not aware of but are made conscious by simply focusing on them. These are our memories and stored knowledge. Unconscious mind (or Sub-conscious) - is the highest level of the mind that contained repressed urges, thoughts, memories, and wishes which are disturbing and threatening. They could not be easily accessed unless they are brought out through psychoanalysis or psychotherapy. Thoughts are unorganized and are based on pleasures and desires and usually conflicts with society.
PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Freud believed that personality developed through a series of childhood stages in which the pleasure-seeking energies of the id become focused on certain erogenous areas. An erogenous zone is characterized as an area of the body that is particularly sensitive to stimulation. During the five psychosexual stages, which are the oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital stages, the erogenous zone associated with each stage serves as a source of pleasure.
Disadvantages and Ethical Dilemmas of Science and Technology
The disadvantages and ethical dilemmas of science and technology are complex and varied. Some of the disadvantages include environmental impact, such as pollution and resource depletion, as well as the potential for technological advancements to exacerbate social inequalities, privacy, security, job displacement, environmental impact, and the potential misuse of technology.
