1 / 21

LATIN AMERICA

LATIN AMERICA. Latin America: Urbanization and Economic Development . HIGHLY URBANIZED compared to other developing regions Urbanization occurred during period of RAPID POPULATION GROWTH Urbanization fueled by RURAL-TO-URBAN MIGRATION. Brazil Population . MEGACITIES.

EllenMixel
Download Presentation

LATIN AMERICA

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. LATIN AMERICA

  2. Latin America: Urbanization and Economic Development

  3. HIGHLY URBANIZED compared to other developing regions • Urbanization occurred during period of RAPID POPULATION GROWTH • Urbanization fueled by RURAL-TO-URBAN MIGRATION

  4. Brazil Population

  5. MEGACITIES Urban areas with more than 10 million people

  6. Sao Paulo • 1950 pop: 2.3 million • 2000 pop. 17.4 million

  7. Rio de Janeiro • 1950 pop: 2.9 million • 2000 pop: 10.8 million

  8. Problems of mega-cities • Inadequate transportation infrastructure • Pressures on land and housing (high population density, high # of people per room) • Environment – air pollution, water pollution, increased vulnerability to natural hazards • High rates of disease and infection • Economic dependence on higher levels of government • Scarcity of financial resources

  9. Urban primacy A PRIMATE CITY is disproportionately large and dominates the economic, political, and cultural life of a country Examples: Mexico City, Buenos Aires, Lima, Guatemala City

  10. Latin American cities are not able to provide enough “formal” housing or jobs • The INFORMAL SECTOR is important for economic survival and shelter

  11. Informal Economic Sector Unregulated and untaxed, usually low wage occupations (examples: street vendors, artisans, illegal occupations – drugs, prostitution)

  12. Informal Housing • Often called SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS • People occupy housing on unclaimed land to which they have no legal rights • Most squatter settlements have inadequate services • Most squatter settlement residents are poor

  13. Latin American City Model • Strong central business district • Elite residential sector surrounding commercial spine extends in one direction • Incomes decline away from the CBD • Squatter settlements on edges of city and in disamenity zones

  14. GENERALIZED VIEW OF LATIN AMERICAN ECONOMIES

  15. Up to mid 20th century • During colonial period (up to 1820’s and 1830’s) and after independence • Export dependency, i.e. a reliance on export of agricultural goods and minerals – coffee, sugar, tin, silver, etc. • Resource-based economies • Countries vulnerable to fluctuations in international markets

  16. 1950’s - 1970’s • Industrialization viewed as important economic development strategy • IMPORT SUBSTITUTION – focusses on domestic production of manufactured goods, state owns or subsidizes key industries, high tariffs on imported goods • Helped to fuel growth of primate cities

  17. 1980’s – present • Adoption of NEO-LIBERAL economic policies – stress privatization, foreign investors, production for export, few restrictions on imports • Growth of MAQUILADORA program in northern Mexico • Mexico joins NAFTA in 1993

More Related