Prostate Cancer Screening Diagnosis and Treatment

1. Prostate Cancer Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment Dr. Mayur Dalvi

2. Introduction Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. Early detection is essential for successful treatment. This presentation will discuss screening, diagnosis, and treatment options for prostate cancer.

3. Prostate Cancer Definition: Prostate cancer is a cancerous growth that occurs in the prostate gland of the male reproductive system. Epidemiology: Prostate cancer is common cancer in men, with more than 1.4 million cases diagnosed worldwide each year. Risk factors: Age, family history, race, and diet increase the risk of developing prostate cancer. Symptoms: Difficulty urinating, blood in urine/semen, and bone pain are symptoms of prostate cancer.

4. Screening for Prostate Cancer Overview: Prostate cancer screening involves the PSA blood test and digital rectal exam to detect cancer before symptoms. Recommended screening guidelines: Discussing screening with a doctor is recommended, especially for men aged 50 and above, or earlier for high-risk individuals. PSA blood test: Measures the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood. Elevated levels may indicate prostate cancer. Digital rectal exam: A physical examination of the prostate gland by a doctor. Benefits and limitations of screening: Early detection leads to better outcomes, but there are limitations, such as false positives, overdiagnosis, and overtreatment.

5. Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Diagnostic tests: An abnormal PSA level or digital rectal exam may require further testing to diagnose prostate cancer. Biopsy: A tissue sample of the prostate is taken and examined for cancer cells. Imaging tests: MRI, CT scan, or bone scan may be used to determine the extent of cancer. Staging and grading: Prostate cancer is staged and graded based on tumor size, extent, and cancer cell aggressiveness.

6. Treatment of Prostate Cancer Overview: Treatment options for prostate cancer vary based on cancer stage, grade, patient's health and preferences. Active surveillance or watchful waiting: Monitoring cancer for any changes without immediate treatment. Surgery: Radical prostatectomy involves removing the entire prostate gland. Radiation therapy: High-energy radiation is used to kill cancer cells. Hormone therapy: Slows down or stops the growth of cancer cells. Chemotherapy: Medication is used to kill cancer cells. Immunotherapy: Stimulates the immune system to attack cancer cells. Bone-directed therapy: Helps to prevent or treat cancer that has spread to the bones.

7. Surgical Treatment for Prostate Cancer Explanation: Prostate cancer surgery involves removing the entire prostate gland. Types of surgical treatment: Open, laparoscopic, and robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Benefits and risks: Surgery can remove cancer, improve quality of life and increase survival rates, but there are risks such as bleeding, infection and erectile dysfunction.

8. Best doctor for prostate cancer-related treatments Dr. Mayur R. Dalvi is a leading Urologist in Aurangabad. He has completed his M.B.B.S from Government Medical College, Aurangabad, with a first-class grade. He completed his post-graduation- MS, in General Surgery from Government Medical College, Aurangabad, and M.Ch Urology from Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai.hi