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GERIATRICS

An overview of geriatrics health problem and methods of prevention with latest CDC 2022 guidelines on geriatric immunisation.

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GERIATRICS

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  1. GERIATRICS Dr. Ravi Singh DNB Family Medicine

  2. “OLD AGE IS AN INCURABLE DISEASE” -SENECA “YOU DO NOT HEAL OLD AGE. YOU PROTECT IT; YOU PROMOTE IT; YOU EXTEND IT” -SIR JAMES ROSS

  3. DEFINITION • GERONTOLGY – The study of physical and psychological changes which are incident in old age is called gerontology. • GERIATRICS – The care of the aged is called geriatrics.

  4. Old Age Population 8% in 2010 Estimated to be 19% by 2050 1.2 billion by 2025 global india

  5. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS • Health issues in old age are totally different from younger age groups which are mainly due to ageing, low immunity and psychological. DUE TO AGEING DUE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS PSYCHOLOGICAL

  6. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS • Senile Cataract • Glaucoma • Osteoporosis • Emphysema • Failure of special senses DUE TO AGEING DUE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS PSYCHOLOGICAL

  7. RISKS: Fall Complete Blindness Lost TREATMENT: Phacoemulsification Nd-Yag Laser technique SENILE CATARACT

  8. RESPIRATORY DISORDER Poor Lung Capacity + Decreased Blood Flow + Recurrent LRTI COPD / ASTHMA / EMPHYSEMA c/o – Dyspnea - Fatigue - Chronic Cough 3rd Most Common Cause of death in Old Age

  9. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS • DIABETES • CARDIO-VASCULAR • ACCIDENTS • GENITOURINARY • RESPIRATORY • CANCER • LOCOMOTER DUE TO AGEING DUE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS PSYCHOLOGICAL

  10. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS • DIABETES • Leading Cause of death above 50 years of age. DUE TO AGEING DUE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS PSYCHOLOGICAL

  11. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS • CARDIOVASCULAR DEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN BLOOD VESSELS AGEING FAT DEPOSITION DUE TO AGEING DUE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS PSYCHOLOGICAL CALCIUM DEPOSITION ATHEROSCLEROSIS HARD BLOOD VESSELS INCREASED CARDIAC STRESS INCREASED PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE INCREASED CARDIAC AFTERLOAD

  12. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS • RESPIRATORY • People who are chronic smoker in there younger times, they exhaust the normal healing mechanisms in lung tissue. • Results in early fibrosis in lungs  decreased lung capacity  COPD / Lung Cancers become common. • Poor Respiratory Muscle strength  Poor clearance secretions and sputum  Recurrent URTI DUE TO AGEING DUE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS PSYCHOLOGICAL

  13. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS • URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS • Geriatric Men : • Enlarged Prostate (BPH)  Improper voiding  Post-Voidal Residual urine  Stasis Bacterial Growth  Dysuria(UTI) • Geriatric Women : • Poor Self hygiene + Small Urethra  Recurrent UTI • Diabetes in old age is very problematic, since uncontrolled sugars will cause recurrent UTI. Recurrent UTI cause uncontrolled sugars - “VICIOUS CYCLE” DUE TO AGEING DUE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS PSYCHOLOGICAL

  14. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS • CANCERS • Breast Cancer / Cervical Cancer • Prostate Cancer • Lung Cancer • Ano-Rectal Cancer DUE TO AGEING DUE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS PSYCHOLOGICAL

  15. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS • CANCERS • Breast Cancer / Cervical Cancer – • At Risk – Overuse of OCPs , Genetic, Family History • Prevention – • Regular Self Examination • Consult General Practioner • HPV Immunization before 45 years of age to prevent Cervical Cancer • Healthy Nutritive diet • If Family history positive - Regular Checkup ; BRCA gene detection ; ER/PR/HER-NEU 2 Flowcytometry. • Not all lumps are cancers. DUE TO AGEING DUE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS PSYCHOLOGICAL

  16. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS • CANCERS • Prostate Cancer – • At Risk – Male above 65years, family history • Prevention – • Consult General Practioner if dribbling of urine and dysuria • Healthy Nutritive diet – Avoid Processed food; More vegetables and fibers; Decreased sugar diet • If Family history positive - Regular Checkup ; USG; Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA). • High Chances of BPH to convert to Carcinoma. DUE TO AGEING DUE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS PSYCHOLOGICAL

  17. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS • CANCERS • Lung Cancer – • At Risk – Chronic Smoker (20-30 years); Old Pulmonary TB; Occupational hazard. • Prevention – • “QUIT SMOKING” • Nicotine Patches or gums. • Oxygen Therapy for reversal of damage DUE TO AGEING DUE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS PSYCHOLOGICAL

  18. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS • CANCERS • Lung Cancer – DUE TO AGEING DUE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS PSYCHOLOGICAL

  19. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS • CANCERS • Ano-Rectal Cancer – • At Risk – Chilly consumers; Close relative with same cancer; Inflammatory Bowel Disease; Ulcerative Colitis; Crohn’s Disease • Prevention – • Active Lifestyle • Good Bowel Habit • Avoid Spicy Diet DUE TO AGEING DUE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS PSYCHOLOGICAL

  20. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS • ACCIDENTS • Most Common Fracture – Fracture Neck Of Femur • Accidents can happen at – • HOME • ROAD TRAFFIC • HOSPITAL (while admitted) DUE TO AGEING DUE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS PSYCHOLOGICAL

  21. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS PREVENTION DUE TO AGEING DUE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS PSYCHOLOGICAL

  22. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS PREVENTION DUE TO AGEING DUE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS PSYCHOLOGICAL

  23. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS PREVENTION DUE TO AGEING DUE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS PSYCHOLOGICAL SAMSUNG WATCHES

  24. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS • LOCOMOTOR DUE TO AGEING DUE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS PSYCHOLOGICAL

  25. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS • Mental Changes – Alzheimer’s, Delirium, Schizophrenia • Sexual Adjustment – Decreased Sexual Desire causes mood imbalance, jealousy, emotional liability. • Emotional Disorders – Loneliness, Less family support cause emotional breakdown. DUE TO AGEING DUE TO CHRONIC ILLNESS PSYCHOLOGICAL

  26. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROBLEMS – PREVENTION OVERVIEW

  27. GERIATRIC HEALTH PROGRAMME • NATIONAL SOCIAL HEALTH ASSITANCE PROGRAMME – • Pension Scheme – Rs 75/- in ASSAM to Rs. 300 West Bengal. Varies from state to state. • OLD AGE SOCIAL AND INCOME SECURITY (OASIS) • NATIONAL OLD AGE PENTION SCHEME – • In 2007. • Rs. 200/- each by State and Central Government • Age >65 years.

  28. GERIATRIC IMMUNISATIONCDC 2022

  29. presentation title

  30. THANK YOU

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