Linux_Lab1

1. Digitally signed by Dr. D. P. Mishra DN: cn=Dr. D. P. Mishra, o=DURG, ou=BIT, email=dpmishra@bitdurg.ac.in, c=IN Date: 2025.01.27 10:42:21 +05'30' Dr. D. P. Mishra

3. History of Unix History of Unix • First version created in bell labs-1969 Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg • AT & T licensed the source code for the low cost • Trademark UNIX name, “UNIX” name closely held • Licensees must create new name for their operating systems • Many UNIX “flavors” emerge.

4. Unix Principles Unix Principles • Everything is a file - including hardware. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg • Configuration data is stored in text form. • Small, single-purpose programs. • Avoid captive user interfaces. • Ability to chain programs together to perform complex tasks.

5. GNU Project GNU Project • GNU project started in 1984 Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg • Goal: create “free” UNIX clone • By 1990 nearly all required user space applications created ex gcc, emacs, etc. • Free software foundation (FSF) • Non-profit organization that manages the GNU Project.

6. GPL GPL- -GNU General Public License GNU General Public License • Primary license for Open Source Software. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg • Encourages free software. • All enhancements and changes to GPL software must also be GPL. • Often called “copy left”.

7. GNU’s GNU’s – –Not Unix Not Unix • GNU is an operating system that GNU's not Unix. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg • GNU stands for Gnu's Not Unix, and it is pronounced as “g-noo”. • It is a recursive acronym, and it stands for “Gnu's Not Unix”. • GNU is a free and open-source operating system that was started in 1984 by Richard Stallman.

8. GNU’s Logo GNU’s Logo • The name of the animal in GNU Project's logo is gnu and it is a species of antelope (also called wildebeest) • African animal with horns and long, thin legs that can run very fast • GNU is PC & Mobile device OS developed by Richard Stallman • It is a collection of various free software programs, unlike Unix, which is usually being compared to. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg

9. Linux Origins Linux Origins • Linus Torvalds • Finnish college student in 1991. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg • Created Linux Kernel. • When Linux Kernel combined with GNU applications, complete free UNIX-like os possible. • Linus Torvalds after being frustrated with the ( Linus Torvald ) licensing issues of Minix (an Unix-based operating system)started to write his own code

10. Linux logo Linux logo • It's named “Tux” • created by Larry Ewing in 1996. • The Linux logo, a plump penguin known as Tux, is an open-source image. • Torvalds was looking for something fun and sympathetic to associate with Linux, and he felt that a slightly fat penguin sitting down after having eaten a great meal perfectly fit the bill. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg Tuxedo Linux Sticker. Logo

12. Open Source/Free Software Open Source/Free Software • Freedom to run program for any purpose. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg • Freedom to study how the program works and adapt to your needs • Freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor. • Freedom to improve the program and release your improvements to public.

13. Open Source Software. Open Source Software. Open Source Software (OSS) is software for which the programming Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg code is available to the users so that they may: • Copy it • Study it • Use it • Modify it , and • Redistribute it

14. Open Source Definition Open Source Definition Free Redistribution :The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software. i.e. license shall not require a royalty • Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg • Source Code : The program must include source code, and must allow distribution freely • Derived Works : The license must allow modifications and derived works • No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups: The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons.

15. Open source Companies Open source Companies • Adobe : Adobe contribute regularly to other open source projects like Gecko, Blink, WebKit, Apache Cordova, Flex, Felix and many others. • Github : GitHub has become the de facto repository for open source projects • Google : Having released or contributed to more than 2,000 open source projects • IBM : Uses and develops Apache and Linux; created Secure Mailer and created other software on AlphaWorks • Apple : Released core layers of Mac OS X Server as an open source BSD operating system called Darwin; • HP : Uses and releases products running Linux • Sun : Uses Linux; supports some open source development • Red Hat Software : Linux vendor • ActiveState: Develops and sells professional tools for Perl, Python, and Tcl/tk developers. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg

16. Open Content Open Content • Freedom to use, study, modify and share scientific and creative works Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg

17. Operating System Operating System • O/S Linux • Used in numerous domains, from embedded systems to super computers • Installation with popular LAMP application pack. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg

19. Web Browser : Firefox Web Browser : Firefox • Developed and Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg Maintained under Mozilla Foundation. • Available for a wide variety of OS. • Most popular Web browser.

20. E E- -mail client : Thunderbird mail client : Thunderbird • Developed and maintained under Mozilla Foundation. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg • Available for a wide Variety of Operating Systems.

21. Office Suite: OpenOffice Office Suite: OpenOffice • Originally derived from Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg StarOffice, developed by StarDivision • Acquired by Sun Microsystems in 1999.

22. Programming Language: Java Programming Language: Java • Developed by Sun Microsystems and open sourced in November 2007 under GNU GPL. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg • Used in a wide variety of computing platforms spanning from embedded devices to enterprise servers and supercomputers.

23. Web Web Server : Apache Server : Apache • Apache HTTP Server • Developed and maintained under Apache Software Foundation. Available for a wide Variety of OS • Most popular HTTP Server on WWW • The majority of all web servers using Apache are Linux web servers. • Apache is characterized as free software and open source software. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg

24. RDBMS : MySQL RDBMS : MySQL • RDBMS: MySQL • Owned and sponsored by the Swedish company MySQL AB, • Now subsidiary of Sun microsystems. • 6059 companies reportedly use MySQL in their tech stacks, including Uber, Airbnb, and Pinterest • Has more than 11 million installations. Widely used to support websites. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg

25. CMS : Joomla CMS : Joomla • Joomla! is a free open source content management system • Used for publishing content on the World Wide Web and intranets • It is written in the PHP programming language and uses the MySQL database. • Widely used in WWW Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg

26. Web Development: PHP Web Development: PHP • PHP is a scripting language originally designed for producing dynamic Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg web pages. • Hypertext Preprocessor • PHP is free software released under the PHP License, however it is incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL) • PHP is commonly used as the P in this bundle alongside Linux, Apache and MySQL, although the P may also refer to Python or Perl.

27. The Open Source Web Server The Open Source Web Server Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg

28. Why Why O Open Source pen Source Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg

29. Failure & threats Failure & threats • Linux has a failure rate of 8 % Where as Microsoft has more that Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg 56% • No Viruses (User Space and kernel space is separate) • No Spyware • Crash rate is almost negligible

30. Solution is open source Solution is open source S. N. Existing S/W under Microsoft Substitute/Solution under Ubuntu Remark K-office /open office is having more enhanced softwares Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg 1 Office K-office/Open office More advanced Editors 2 Notepad/Wordpad VI,VIM,gedit,sed,emacs .. More Advanced 3 Database – MSSQL/Access MySQL, PGSQL Advanced & Open 4 ASP/ASP.Net PHP, Perl . Python More Advanced 5 VB/VB.Net GAMBAS For Web Development 6 Not available Eclipse,Netbeans Used as Flash/photoshop 7 Not available GIMP Solution for Matlab 9 Not available SciLab Simulators for Network 10 Not available NS2,OmnetPP…. Application Server 11 Not available Tomcat - 12 Not available Java More improved version 13 Not available GCC

31. Why Linux ? Why Linux ? • Fresh implementation of UNIX APIs Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg • Open source development model • Supports wide variety of hardware • Supports many networking protocols and configurations • Fully supported.

32. OSS Future & Career OSS Future & Career OSS becomes strategic tool for open and collaborative businesses. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg 60% of jobs in the information technology sector will be linked to Open Source applications before 2025. By 2025, 60% of Global 2025 IT organizations will implement a formal open-source adoption and management policy.

33. Job Opportunities in Job Opportunities in OSS OSS • With economic slowdown enterprises have started optimizing their IT budgets. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg • Free and Open Source software is being adopted. • They need employees having familiarity with Open Source Technologies.

34. Learn use and spread OSS Learn use and spread OSS • Learn more about Free/Open Source Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg • Get trained in one or more of the Open Source technologies. • Install Open Source Software and start experiments. • Contribute for an Open Source Project • Train others in Free/Open Source Software • Advocate Open Source.

35. OS Installation & Configuration

36. 8 best Linux Distributions of 2022 8 best Linux Distributions of 2022 1. Mx Linux - MX Linux is based on a stable Debian branch, this Linux distribution is simple, easy to use, and highly effective. 2. EndeavourOS - community-driven OS, and comes well-equipped with a few handy desktop environments 3. Linux Mint - Ubuntu-based Linux Mint is a versatile Linux operating system that caters well to both beginner and experienced users. 4. Manjaro – one of the best arch based OS 5. Pop!OS 6. Ubuntu 7. Fedora 8. Debian Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg

37. Best Linux Distributions of 2024 Best Linux Distributions of 2024 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ubuntu for desktops Fedora Pop!_OS Manjaro Kali Mint Alma Rocky Asahi Visit Website Visit Website Visit Website Visit Website Visit Website Visit Website Visit Website Visit Website Visit Website Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg