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Lesson 2 History Generations

This is the presentation on the Introduction to Computing. This is intended for all freshmen students taking Information Technology Program

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Lesson 2 History Generations

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  1. Good Day Everyone  Introduction to Computing Sir Don Jino A. Barrantes BSCS-MSIT-MOS-SMRIS donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  2. Specific Objectives: • At the end of the topic session, the students are expected to: • Learn the history of Computer • Identify the key points of the generations of computer • Understand and learn the components of computer • Understand and learn the classifications of computer • Understand hardware and software donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  3. Course Description: • This course deals with the importance of computer concepts. Emphasis is on defining and categorizing computers and operating systems; purchasing hardware and software; understanding files and data storage options; exploring computer architecture; and understanding digital media. Topics include digital technology, software, Internet and the web, input/output devices, storage technology, operating systems, data representation, processors, computer memory, network, search engine, website, web browser, web page, e-commerce, number system conversion/arithmetic, digital media. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  4. History of computers: A brief timeline • 19TH CENTURY • 1848: Ada Lovelace, an English mathematician and the daughter of poet Lord Byron, writes the world's first computer program. • 1853: Swedish inventor Per Georg Scheutz and his son Edvard design the world's first printing • 1890: Herman Hollerith designs a punch-card system to help calculate the 1890 U.S. Census. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  5. History of computers: A brief timeline • The history of computers goes back over 200 years. • At first theorized by mathematicians and entrepreneurs, during the 19th century mechanical calculating machines were designed and built to solve the increasingly complex number-crunching challenges. • The advancement of technology enabled ever more-complex computers by the early 20th century, and computers became larger and more powerful. • Today, computers are almost unrecognizable from designs of the 19th century, such as Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine — or even from the huge computers of the 20th century that occupied whole rooms, such as the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator.   donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  6. History of computers: A brief timeline • 19TH CENTURY • 1801: Joseph Marie Jacquard, a French merchant and inventor invents a loom that uses punched wooden cards to automatically weave fabric designs. Early computers would use similar punch cards. • 1821: English mathematician Charles Babbage conceives of a steam-driven calculating machine that would be able to compute tables of numbers. • Funded by the British government, the project, called the "Difference Engine" fails due to the lack of technology at the time, according to the University of Minnesota(opens in new tab).  donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  7. History of computers: A brief timeline • EARLY 20TH CENTURY • 1931: At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Vannevar Bush invents and builds the Differential Analyzer, the first large-scale automatic general-purpose mechanical analog computer, according to Stanford University(opens in new tab).  • 1936: Alan Turing, a British scientist and mathematician, presents the principle of a universal machine, later called the Turing machine, in a paper called "On Computable Numbers…" according to Chris Bernhardt's book "Turing's Vision(opens in new tab)" (The MIT Press, 2017). Turing machines are capable of computing anything that is computable. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  8. History of computers: A brief timeline • EARLY 20TH CENTURY • 1937: John Vincent Atanasoff, a professor of physics and mathematics at Iowa State University, submits a grant proposal to build the first electric-only computer, without using gears, cams, belts or shafts. • 1939: David Packard and Bill Hewlett found the Hewlett Packard Company in Palo Alto, California. • 1941: German inventor and engineer Konrad Zuse completes his Z3 machine, the world's earliest digital computer, according to Gerard O'Regan's book "A Brief History of Computing(opens in new tab)" (Springer, 2021). donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  9. History of computers: A brief timeline EARLY 20TH CENTURY 1941: Atanasoff and his graduate student, Clifford Berry, design the first digital electronic computer in the U.S., called the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC). 1945: Two professors at the University of Pennsylvania, John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert, design and build the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC). 1946: Mauchly and Presper leave the University of Pennsylvania and receive funding from the Census Bureau to build the UNIVAC, the first commercial computer for business and government applications. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  10. History of computers: A brief timeline EARLY 20TH CENTURY 1947: William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain of Bell Laboratories invent the transistor. 1949: A team at the University of Cambridge develops the Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC), "the first practical stored-program computer," according to O'Regan. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  11. History of computers: A brief timeline LATE 20TH CENTURY 1968: Douglas Engelbart reveals a prototype of the modern computer at the Fall Joint Computer Conference, San Francisco. 1969: Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and a group of other developers at Bell Labs produce UNIX, an operating system that made "large-scale networking of diverse computing systems — and the internet — practical," according to Bell Labs(opens in new tab).. 1970: The newly formed Intel unveils the Intel 1103, the first Dynamic Access Memory (DRAM) chip. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  12. History of computers: A brief timeline LATE 20TH CENTURY 1971: A team of IBM engineers led by Alan Shugart invents the "floppy disk," enabling data to be shared among different computers. 1972: Ralph Baer, a German-American engineer, releases Magnavox Odyssey, the world's first home game console, in September 1972 , according to the Computer Museum of America(opens in new tab). 1973: Robert Metcalfe, a member of the research staff for Xerox, develops Ethernet for connecting multiple computers and other hardware. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  13. History of computers: A brief timeline LATE 20TH CENTURY 1977: The Commodore Personal Electronic Transactor (PET), is released onto the home computer market, featuring an MOS Technology 8-bit 6502 microprocessor, which controls the screen, keyboard and cassette player. 1975: The magazine cover of the January issue of "Popular Electronics" highlights the Altair 8080 as the "world's first minicomputer kit to rival commercial models." 1976:Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak co-found Apple Computer on April Fool's Day. They unveil Apple I, the first computer with a single-circuit board and ROM (Read Only Memory), according to MIT(opens in new tab). donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  14. History of computers: A brief timeline LATE 20TH CENTURY 1977: Radio Shack began its initial production run of 3,000 TRS-80 Model 1 computers — disparagingly known as the "Trash 80" — priced at $599, according to the National Museum of American History. 1977: The first West Coast Computer Faire is held in San Francisco. Jobs and Wozniak present the Apple II computer at the Faire, which includes color graphics and features an audio cassette drive for storage. 1978: VisiCalc, the first computerized spreadsheet program is introduced. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  15. History of computers: A brief timeline LATE 20TH CENTURY 1979:MicroPro International, founded by software engineer Seymour Rubenstein, releases WordStar, the world's first commercially successful word processor. 1981: "Acorn," IBM's first personal computer, is released onto the market at a price point of $1,565, according to IBM. Acorn uses the MS-DOS operating system from Windows. 1983: The Apple Lisa, standing for "Local Integrated Software Architecture" but also the name of Steve Jobs' daughter, according to the National Museum of American History (NMAH), is the first personal computer to feature a GUI. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  16. History of computers: A brief timeline LATE 20TH CENTURY 1984: The Apple Macintosh is announced to the world during a Superbowl advertisement. The Macintosh is launched with a retail price of $2,500, according to the NMAH.  1985: As a response to the Apple Lisa's GUI, Microsoft releases Windows in November 1985, the Guardian reported(opens in new tab). Meanwhile, Commodore announces the Amiga 1000. 1989: Tim Berners-Lee, a British researcher at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN(opens in new tab)), submits his proposal(opens in new tab) for what would become the World Wide Web. His paper details his ideas for Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), the building blocks of the Web.  donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  17. History of computers: A brief timeline LATE 20TH CENTURY 1993: The Pentium microprocessor advances the use of graphics and music on PCs. 1996: Sergey Brin and Larry Page develop the Google search engine at Stanford University. 1997: Microsoft invests $150 million in Apple, which at the time is struggling financially.  This investment ends an ongoing court case in which Apple accused Microsoft of copying its operating system.  1999: Wi-Fi, the abbreviated term for "wireless fidelity" is developed, initially covering a distance of up to 300 feet (91 meters) Wired reported(opens in new tab).  donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  18. History of computers: A brief timeline 21ST CENTURY 2001: Mac OS X, later renamed OS X then simply macOS, is released by Apple as the successor to its standard Mac Operating System. OS X goes through 16 different versions, each with "10" as its title, and the first nine iterations are nicknamed after big cats, with the first being codenamed "Cheetah," TechRadar reported.(opens in new tab)  2003: AMD's Athlon 64, the first 64-bit processor for personal computers, is released to customers.  donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  19. History of computers: A brief timeline 21ST CENTURY 2004: The Mozilla Corporation launches Mozilla Firefox 1.0. The Web browser is one of the first major challenges to Internet Explorer, owned by Microsoft. During its first five years, Firefox exceeded a billion downloads by users, according to the Web Design Museum(opens in new tab).  2005: Google buys Android, a Linux-based mobile phone operating system 2006: The MacBook Pro from Apple hits the shelves. The Pro is the company's first Intel-based, dual-core mobile computer.  donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  20. History of computers: A brief timeline 21ST CENTURY 2009: Microsoft launches Windows 7 on July 22. The new operating system features the ability to pin applications to the taskbar, scatter windows away by shaking another window, easy-to-access jumplists, easier previews of tiles and more, TechRadar reported(opens in new tab).   2010: The iPad, Apple's flagship handheld tablet, is unveiled. 2011: Google releases the Chromebook, which runs on Google Chrome OS. 2015: Apple releases the Apple Watch. Microsoft releases Windows 10. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  21. History of computers: A brief timeline 21ST CENTURY 2016: The first reprogrammable quantum computer was created. "Until now, there hasn't been any quantum-computing platform that had the capability to program new algorithms into their system. 2017: The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is developing a new "Molecular Informatics" program that uses molecules as computers. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  22. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th The history of computer technology is often used to refer to the origin of all the different generations of computers.  From first to fifth each computer generation is characterized by significant technological development in their components, memory, and elements which essentially changed the way these devices work. Several periods of generation from over the years advanced the technological evolution leads to the creation of today’s modern computer with more complex, more powerful, and increased capability and functionality. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  23. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th Introduction to Computer Generations This development period of electronic computing technology is called Computer Generation. There are five generations of computers identified, although the sixth generation could be in development now in the early 21st century. During the evolutionary timeline, each generation of computers has improved a lot by undergoing considerable changes in their size, type, and functionality. At present, the computer is playing a significant part in human existence because today’s digital computer is being used for every work in each field. If someday an issue occurs in the computer or the server is down, at that point all the work stops. This is how significant it is for technology development! donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  24. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  25. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th 1st Generation of Computer (1940-1956) – vacuum tube technology This first generation of computers was based on vacuum tube technology used for calculations, storage, and control, invented in 1904 by John Ambrose Fleming. The vacuum tubes and diode valves were the chief components of the first generations of computers. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  26. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th 1st Generation of Computer (1940-1956) First-generation computers relied on the lowest-level machine language, in order to perform operations, and could only solve a single problem at a point of time. Magnetic drums were used as the memory in these computers (were very slow in speed). The punched and magnetic tapes were used for the input and output function of the computer in order to display on prints even the results weren’t 100% accurate. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  27. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th 1st Generation of Computer (1940-1956) The disadvantages of 1st gen computers are that they were very enormous in size and heavy in weight (made of thousands of vacuum tubes), occupying large rooms. Also, once they were kept in one place it was difficult to transfer. Another con like using a decimal number system and many switches and cables. The advantage of the first generation of computers is that they could calculate in milliseconds (about five thousand sums per second.) donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  28. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th 1st Generation of Computer (1940-1956) The computers of first-generation were managed to use in different fields like weather forecasting, solving mathematical problems, energy tasks, also in space research, military, and other scientific tasks. In the first generation of computers, the first computer of the world named “ENIAC” (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was discovered by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert in the year between 1943 to 1945. ENIAC used panel-to-panel wiring and switches for programming, occupied more than 1,000 square feet, used about 18,000 vacuum tubes, and weighed 30 tons. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  29. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th • 1st Generation of Computer (1940-1956) • Characteristics of the 1st Generation of Computer: • Vacuum tubes and diode valves were used as the main electronic component in the first generation computers. • Punch cards, paper tape utilized for input and output operations. • Magnetic drums used for storage. • Huge in size and weight with a lot of power consumption. • Very expensive in price also not reliable. • Computers were programmed with low-level machine language also has low operating speed. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  30. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th • 1st Generation of Computer (1940-1956) • Examples • Examples of the first generation of computers are ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) EDSEC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator), EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer), (Electronic delay storage automatic calculator), IBM -701 and IBM 650. • ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic digital computer. This computer about 18,000 vacuum tubes used for the calculation result in huge in size, occupied more than 1,000 square feet, and weighed 30 tons. These were the harbingers of today’s digital computers. This first computing machine was designed by people J. P. Eckert, W. Mosley, J. W. Mauchly. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  31. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th 2nd Generation of Computer (1956-1964) - transistors The transistors were the revolution in the computer field because this component advantaged the 2nd gen computer by increasing the performance, operating speed (hundreds of thousands of operations per second), as well as decreasing the electricity consumption of the computers. Transistors were far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to get faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient made and possible to reduce the size of computing equipment and ultimately heat reduced and reliability improved. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  32. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th 2nd Generation of Computer (1956-1964) The second generation of computers replaced the vacuum tubes with a reliable component called transistors for manufacturing of computers was invented by William Shockley in 1947. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  33. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th 2nd Generation of Computer (1956-1964) Computers of second-generation are characterized by the use of the first high-level programming languages, allowing programmers to specify instructions in words. At this time, early versions of COBOL, ALGOL, SNOBOL, and FORTRAN languages were developed. Do you know~ that the oldest abacus was a computing machine designed to calculate thousands of years ago, which is still used in schools today to do calculations. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  34. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th • 2nd Generation of Computer (1956-1964) • Characteristics of the 2nd Generation of Computer: • Computers based on transistors instead of vacuum tubes. • Magnetic Tape was used to store data. • Relatively small in size and reduced weight with low energy consumption than 1st gen computers. • Faster, reliable, and less expensive than the first generation. • Use of storage devices, printers, and operating systems, etc. • Higher-level languages like COBOL, ALGOL, SNOBOL, and FORTRAN were developed and used. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  35. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th • 2nd Generation of Computer (1956-1964) • Examples • Examples of the second generation of computers include IBM 1620, CDC 1604, IBM 7094, UNIVAC 1108, IBM 620, CDC 3600, IBM 4044, Honeywell 400, IBM 1401 Mainframe, and PDP-1 minicomputer. IBM was actively working, producing transistor versions of its computers. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  36. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th 3rd Generation of Computer (1964-1971) – integrated circuits The third generation appeared in the form of integrated circuits (invented by Jack Kilby from 1958 to 1964). An IC (integrated circuit) is consists of many small transistors mounted on chips, which are called semiconductors. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  37. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th 3rd Generation of Computer (1964-1971) This synchronized chip became an important foundation for the third generation computers when scientists combined hundreds of transistors fit in this circuit result in a more powerful electronic segment called an integrated circuit. Multiprogramming was implemented (this is when there are several executable programs in memory) at the same time that it diminished their manufacturing costs. In the mid-60s. IBM improved the term “computer architecture”. By the end of the 60s. mini-computers appeared. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  38. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th 3rd Generation of Computer (1964-1971) The invention of IC incredibly decreased the size of computers and made it easy for transportation from one place to another. The working speed and efficiency of this generation of computers were much faster than the previous generation and even cheaper. High-end languages such as PASCAL, BASIC, FORTRAN – II TO IV, COBOL, ALGOL developed in this generation. The 3rd generation of computers was the initial move towards the miniaturization of computers and quickly expanded their scope: control, automation of scientific experiments, data transmission, etc. In addition to being used in the manufacture of radios, TVs, and other similar devices. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  39. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th • 3rd Generation of Computer (1964-1971) • Characteristics of the 3rd Generation of Computer: • In this generation, computers based on Integrated Circuit was more powerful than the transistor. • The size of the computers was likewise little because the size of the IC being more modest than the circuit size of the transistors. • More reliable, inexpensive, faster, energy-efficient, as well as very light in weight than 2nd gen computers. • The first ComputerMouse and Keyboard were appeared and used in the 3rd generation of computers • Use of new versions of high-level languages like BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN, PASCAL, and ALGOL • Available for a mass audience and made it possible for general purpose usage. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  40. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th 3rd Generation of Computer (1964-1971) Examples Some of the most popular models of the 3rd generation of computers were the ICL 2903, ICL 1900, TDC-B16, IBM 360 and 370, Honeywell 6000, UNIVAC 1108, PDP-8, and PDP-11, which were ideal in their handling multiprocessing capabilities, reliability, and flexibility than previous generations. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  41. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th 4th Generation of Computer (1971-2010) - microprocessor The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits equivalent to about millions of transistors were assembled and brought the whole central processing unit and other fundamental elements of the machine into a small chip called a microprocessor fitted on the CPU socket. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  42. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th 4th Generation of Computer (1971-2010) Jan pinanganaksi Nash The first personal computer and a microcomputer was “ALTAIR” developed by the company MITS in 1974. Also, the first microprocessor was the Intel 4004, manufactured in 1971, initially for an electronic calculator. Whereas the computers of the first generation filled an entire room, while now the 4th generation ‘microprocessors’ fit in the palm of the hand. This generation of computers used an operating system based on the graphical user interface (GUI), which means these numbers were very easy to perform mathematical and logical tasks. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  43. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th • 4th Generation of Computer (1971-2010) • Characteristics of the 4th Generation of Computer: • Computers based on microprocessors and VLSI technology. • The computers of 4th gen were small in size, lightweight, and almost portable computers. • The integrating of multi cores in processors like Dual core, Octa core, etc has began. • The processing speed of this computer generation was much faster and reliable than the previous three generations. • The size and cost of power supply units has reduced. • Use of languages ​​like C, C ++, .Net, Java, PHP, Python, Visual Basic. • Use of GUI Based OS with more memory capacity. • Accessible to the Internet. • Due to the low cost of these computers, they were available to every common man. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  44. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th 4th Generation of Computer (1971-2010) Examples Desktops, Laptops, Workstations, Tablets, Chromebooks, and Smartphones, are examples of the fourth generation of computers. Good to Know~ Alan Turing is the father of modern computers born in England in 1912. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  45. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th 5th Generation of Computer (2010-At Present) – artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence is the name of the fifth as well as the latest generation of computers based on ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology is the process of integrating or embedding millions of transistors on a single silicon microchip. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  46. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th 5th Generation of Computer (2010-At Present) Computing in the 5th computer generation is versatile made portable, powerful, lightweight, innovative, comfortable with low electricity consumption. Because of the Internet’s advantages, it extended its limits of use to limits never before suspected. The main objective of the latest fifth-generation computing and effort made by computer researchers is to make them smart by incorporating Artificial Intelligence so as to develop devices that respond to the input of natural language and are capable of learning and self-organizing even in 2022 it is under development. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  47. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th • 5th Generation of Computer (2010-At Present) • Characteristics of the 5th Generation of Computer: • The main focus on AI-based computers. • Computers made of microprocessors based on ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology. • The processing speed is quite high can perform billions of calculations in a second. • Computers are portable, cheap, reliable, fast, and available in various forms and sizes like a Desktop, Laptop, Smartphone, Smartwatches, etc. • Invention of the operating system such as Windows, Macintosh and ChromeOS of Chromebooks. • Multimedia has evolved in this generation by combining Sound, Graphics, or Picture and Text. • Development of Internet of Things. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  48. Generations of Computer 1st to 5th 5th Generation of Computer (2010-At Present) Examples Computers of the fifth generation are being made to think like us. For which continuous advancement of technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Robotics, etc. Although the examples of AI computing software such as Chatbots, Windows Cortana, Google Assistant, Apple Siri, Speech recognition, that are being used today. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  49. Acronyms” ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first programmable, electronic, general-purpose digital computer, completed in 1945. EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer was one of the earliest electronic computers. EDSAC: Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC) was an early British computer. UNIVAC: Universal Automatic Computer is a line of electronic digital stored-program computers starting with the products of the Eckert–Mauchly Computer IBM: International Business Machines) ranks among the world's largest information technology companies, providing a wide spectrum of hardware, software and services offerings. donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

  50. Classification of the computer by generations donjinobarrantes@gmail.com – 09551255191/09914964364 - \serdonji

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