PHI 220 Expect Success/uophelp.com

1. PHI 220 Expect Success/uophelp.com For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com

2. PHI 220 David Hume and the virtue of benevolence For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Eactivity: Go to the American Philanthropic Website to read the article titled “David Hume and the virtue of benevolence”, dated December 9, 2011, located at http://www.philanthropydaily.com/?p=7752. (Note: Some believe that the “contextual character” of Hume’s approach to virtue has given rise to the accusation that he is the originator of modern relativism, and the view that what is “good” depends entirely on context and opinion.) Be prepared to discuss.

3. PHI 220 Discussion A Critique of the Kantianism For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com A Critique of the Kantianism" Please respond to the following: ·         Discuss your level of agreement or disagreement with Kant’s “categorical Imperative” and respond to this question: Can people determine in every circumstance what “the right thing to do” would be? Provide reasons and examples to support your view.

4. PHI 220 Discussion Happiness and the Virtues For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com "Happiness and the Virtues" Please respond to the following: eActivity: View the video titled “Ethical Theory: Aristotle's Virtue Ethics, Solitary Confinement, and Supererogatory Actions” on YouTube video, (5 min 11 s), located at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJ83U1Nx_dI.

5. PHI 220 Discussion Jealousy, Envy, and Grudge For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Jealousy, Envy, and Grudge" Please respond to the following: eActivity: Read Immanuel Kant’s views titled “Virtue and Vice”, located at http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-moral/#VirVic.

6. PHI 220 Discussion Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com ESinners in the Hands of an Angry God" Please respond to the following: Compare Jonathan Edwards’ presentation, which claims that divine judgment will be brought down on a person who yields to vice, to Plutarch’s argument that there “is no pleasure in vice”. Discuss the issue, and provide examples of possible alternative incentives to avoid vice. Explain how, in your view, a belief in “original sin” might influence a  person’s approach to moral education. Provide reasons and examples to support  your view. Overview

7. PHI 220 Discussion Social Action and Fairness For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Debate It. Take a position for or against Singer’s claim that each person has a serious moral obligation to do something about world hunger. Provide reasons and examples to support your view. Evaluate Fullinwider’s claim that a company’s record of discrimination will  keep reproducing itself in spite of its good intentions not to discriminate.  Provide reasons and examples to support your view.

8. PHI 220 Discussion The Holocaust and Moral Philosophy For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com What do you believe is the strongest argument against relativism that was presented the readings for the week?  Outline the argument presenting the reasons the author gives for thinking that relativism is inadequate.  Finally, discuss relativism with your classmates in general.  What are some relativistic beliefs you have held?  Do you believe that they can be justified or do you plan on reevaluating those beliefs now that you have learned more about relativism?

9. PHI 220 Discussion The Judeo-Christian Tradition For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com "The Judeo-Christian Tradition and John Stuart Mill, "Utilitarianism" Please respond to the following: •Analyze the morality of behavior described in Psalms and in Luke "The Sermon on the Plain." Discuss at least three moral ideals with which you agree or disagree. Provide reasons and examples to support your view. •Discuss your level of agreement of disagreement with Mill's "Utilitarianism." Provide reasons and examples to support your view.

10. PHI 220 Discussion Virtues and Vices For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com "Virtues and Vices" Please respond to the following:  •Analyze and comment on Epictetus’ statement as it relates to behaving with virtue: “Some things are up to us and some are not up to us.”  •Analyze the claim by Foot that “virtue belongs to the will.” Explain your understanding of the relationship between virtue and the will. Is virtue a relevant influence to our lives today? Provide reasons and examples to support your view.

11. PHI 220 Midterm Exam For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Course Ethics   Question 1 .0 out of 2 points  In “From Cruelty to Goodness,” Hallie argues that the opposite of cruelty is __________. . Question 2 .2 out of 2 points

12. PHI 220 Week 4 Assignment 1 Analysis Of A Philosopher’s Views For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Read “Egoism and Moral Skepticism” by James Rachels, located in Chapter 3: Morality and Self Interest. Discuss his views and provide a valid and logical analysis and response. Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you: Analyze James Rachel’s arguments regarding psychological egoism and ethical egoism.   Provide at least two (2) examples that support the idea of moral skepticism

13. PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion (Understanding Philosophy) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Using at least one quote from chapter six of Understanding Philosophy, describe the core principle of utilitarianism and discuss the problem of the “tyranny of the majority.”  Find a real example of a current or past social practice, (or create your own fictional example) that illustrates this problem.  Complete your post by evaluating whether the overall good generated by the practice outweighs the suffering caused by the practice.  

14. PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 1 (basic principle of equality) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Singer reasons for what he calls the “basic principle of equality”. What is this principle and how is it supposed to be applied? What reasoning does he give that this principle should be applied to non-human animals? Do you agree? On what basis do you think we should determine which types of beings should be treated with equal moral consideration?

15. PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 1 (Tom Regan and Peter Singer) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Tom Regan and Peter Singer disagree about the best approach to animal ethics. What basic things do they agree about? What do they disagree about?

16. PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 1 Peter Singer and Animal Rights For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Peter Singer argues that eating meat is speciesism because it involves sacrificing the most important interests of members of other species for relatively trivial interests of our own species. Do you think Singer is correct or incorrect on this point? Is "speciesism" a real thing like racism or sexism? Why or why not?

17. PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 2 (Drones) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com After watching the videos “Drones are Ethical” and “Drones are Not Ethical,” provide at least one argument to show that the use of drones can be justified by utilitarian reasoning. And one argument to show that the use of drones cannot be justified by such reasoning. Complete your post by identifying which of these arguments you think is the most compelling, and support your choice with specific reasons.

18. PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 2 (Primary Goal) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com If the primary goal of utilitarianism is to generate the greatest good for the greatest number, a secondary goal is to minimize suffering

19. PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 2 (Singer and Moral Justification) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Singer argues that there is no moral justification for denying moral consideration to animals. Can you think of a good moral reason why our moral consideration should include all humans, even those without the ability to reason, yet be denied to all non-human animals (some of whom have that ability)? What response might he have to your way of drawing the line between the types of beings that should get moral consideration and those that should not?

20. PHI 208 Week 2 Discussion 2 (Tom Regan) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Tom Regan says that we all have equal inherent value by virtue of being ‘experiencing subjects of a life’. What does it mean to be an ‘experiencing subject of a life’? Do you think that being the subject of a life means that one has equal inherent value? Does it follow from that view that animals should be given rights to life and freedom?

21. PHI 208 Week 2 Quiz For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com • 1.         Question :        According to the video “Meet Your Meat”, which of the following is true of how animals are slaughtered on factory farms • 2.         Question :        In what way does Peter Singer think that speciesism is similar to racism and sexism? • 3.         Question :        According to chapter 2 of Understanding Philosophy, utilitarianism is a form of what broader kind of ethical theory?

22. PHI 208 Week 3 Assignment Applying an Ethical Theory (Equal Pay for Equal Work) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Applying an Ethical Theory. Please read these assignment instructions before writing your paper, and re-read them often during and after the writing process to make sure that you are fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined model provided. Overview

23. PHI 208 Week 3 Assignment Applying an Ethical Theory (Gender Equality Ethics) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Applying an Ethical Theory. Please read these assignment instructions before writing your paper, and re-read them often during and after the writing process to make sure that you are fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined model provided.

24. PHI 208 Week 3 Assignment Applying an Ethical Theory (Just War Military Ethics) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Applying an Ethical Theory. Please read these assignment instructions before writing your paper, and re-read them often during and after the writing process to make sure that you are fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined model provided.

25. PHI 208 Week 3 Assignment Applying an Ethical Theory (Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Applying an Ethical Theory. Please read these assignment instructions before writing your paper, and re-read them often during and after the writing process to make sure that you are fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined model provided.

26. PHI 208 Week 3 Discussion (Hero) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Think of someone real or fictional whom some people regard as a “hero” for helping others, stopping something bad or evil, and so forth, even though by doing so they violated what would normally be considered a moral rule (focus on morality; don't simply think of someone who broke the law). For example, they may have lied, broken a promise, stolen, harmed someone innocent, or even murdered, but done so with good intentions. (Note: this last part is crucial: make sure you explain what it was that they did that would otherwise be morally questionable. Also, it need not be someone you think is a hero.)

27. PHI 208 Week 3 Discussion (Kant Right Action) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Kant famously states that the only thing good without qualification is a good will. On this basis, he holds that we can do the “right action” but not out of a good will, and that only actions done from a good will are morally praiseworthy.

28. PHI 208 Week 3 Discussion (Kant’s formulations) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com One of Kant’s formulations of the Categorical Imperative says that one should always treat humanity, whether in oneself or in another, always as an end and never merely as a means. Briefly explain what that means. Consider a specific example from the world of business

29. PHI 208 Week 3 Discussion (Morally Permissible to lie) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Is it ever morally permissible to lie to someone? Describe a circumstance in which it seems that lying might make more people happy than telling the truth. Would lying be the right thing to do in that circumstance, or is it our moral duty to tell the truth, even then? Consider what Immanuel Kant would say, and explain that with reference to this week’s readings. Then, offer your own perspective. If you agree with Kant, consider and respond to an objection to his view. If you disagree with Kant, explain why. Discuss the positive and negative aspects of deontological theory as it relates to another of the theories you have encountered in this course.

30. PHI 208 Week 3 Quiz For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com 1.         Question :        Michael Walzer argues that in the unique world of war, both morality and authority are 2.         Question :        Nagel’s argument in “War and Massacre” that hostility or aggression should be directed at its true object means that which of the following would probably not be permissible? 3.         Question :        In “War and Massacre,” Thomas Nagel argues that all rules of engagement should be governed by the principle that

31. PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (Aristotle) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Aristotle says that the virtues are necessary for humans to attain happiness, but he means this in terms of something we might call “flourishing” or “living well”, which he considers quite different than simply feeling good

32. PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (Aristotle’s account of eudaimonia) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Is it possible for individuals to flourish if others with whom they are connected are not also flourishing? Consider this with respect to Aristotle’s account of eudaimonia, as well as the other readings and media. Identify a community or practice in which you are involved in which the flourishing of the individual is tied to the flourishing of others. Does this require that we limit certain rights pertaining to the individual (for instance, the right to free speech or to pursue monetary gain), in order to promote the flourishing of the group within that context? Be specific, and use examples when appropriate.

33. PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (Aristotle’s virtue ethics) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com An important aspect of Aristotle’s virtue ethics is the idea that virtues are “habits” that we acquire over time, and like any habit, virtues affect not just what we do, but our desires and emotions as well.  Focusing on either Hill’s article

34. PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (flourishing or successful life) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com What are two virtues that you believe are important to living a flourishing or successful life in either Aristotle’s sense?  Explain what goods in human life these virtues enable their possessor to fulfill.  Provide examples of characteristic behavior that manifests these virtues, and contrast that with behavior that displays a lack of virtue.  Do your examples confirm Aristotle’s view that a virtue is a mean between extremes of excess and defect?  If so, explain what those extremes are; if not, explain why.  Refer to this week’s readings and media to illustrate and support your claims. 

35. PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (Impact on the Environment) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Identify an area of life that has an impact on the environment (including non-human animals), and explain how the possession or lack of virtue may make a difference to how one conducts oneself within that practice with respect to that environmental impact.

36. PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (MacIntyre's account of practices) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Referring to MacIntyre's account of practices and virtue, outline a practice in your own life that you believe requires certain virtues in order to do well. Explain what the practice is, what the "internal goods" of the practice are and how they differ from certain"external goods" (such as money, prestige, power, etc.), and attempt to determine the virtues that one must have in order to excel in the practice. In other words, what are virtues that make

37. PHI 208 Week 4 Discussion (virtuous soldier) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com What does it mean to be a virtuous soldier? Identify three virtues that a soldier needs in order to be an excellent soldier and then explain why. Create a scenario that a soldier might face during war or some other stressful event, and explain what the virtuous soldier would do in the situation, and which specific virtues the soldier would demonstrate. Refer to the readings and media, including Robinson’s article, “Magnanimity and Integrity as Military Virtues,” where appropriate.

38. PHI 208 Week 4 Quiz For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com 1.         Question :        In “Ideals of Human Excellence and Preserving Natural Environments,” Thomas Hill claims that a fruitful way to think about the badness of destroying the environment is: 2.         Question :        In the article “Magnanimity and Integrity as Military Virtues,” Robinson agrees with Aquinas’ idea that

39. PHI 208 Week 5 Discussion (Condition for men and women) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Using the readings and media from the week, explain how society creates different conditions for men and women.  Identify and explain at least two ways in which society is structured such that men and women are treated differently and explain why this treatment is just or unjust.  What is a potential feminist ethical response to this situation and which of the thinkers from the week relate to your justification for the response?

40. PHI 208 Week 5 Discussion (feminist ethical thinking) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Describe the ethical theory that you have studied in this course that differs the most from what you consider to be feminist ethical thinking. Utilizing the readings and media from the course, explain specific components of the theories that demonstrate the differences between the theory you choose and feminist theory.

41. PHI 208 Week 5 Discussion (Virginia Held’s article) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Using Virginia Held’s article “Feminist Transformations of Ethical Theory” as a foundation, explain three things that you did not know about feminist thought that you found interesting and/or informative. What were those things? Why are they interesting or informative? How do they relate to the view that you now hold of ethics and how one can live a good life? Explain why you do or do not think that feminist ethics could be a fruitful transformation of ethical theory and practice in the Western tradition.

42. PHI 208 Week 5 Final Paper (Equal Pay for Equal Work) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Final Paper. Due by Day 7. Please read these assignment instructions before writing your paper, and re-read them often during and after the writing process to make sure that you are fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined model provided. Overview

43. PHI 208 Week 5 Final Paper (Gender Equality Ethics) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Final Paper. Due by Day 7. Please read these assignment instructions before writing your paper, and re-read them often during and after the writing process to make sure that you are fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined model provided.

44. PHI 208 Week 5 Final Paper (Just War Military Ethics) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Final Paper. Due by Day 7. Please read these assignment instructions before writing your paper, and re-read them often during and after the writing process to make sure that you are fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined model provided. Overview

45. PHI 208 Week 5 Final Paper (Should Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal) For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Final Paper. Due by Day 7. Please read these assignment instructions before writing your paper, and re-read them often during and after the writing process to make sure that you are fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined model provided.

46. PHI 208 Week 5 Quiz For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com Final Paper. Due by Day 7. Please read these assignment instructions before writing your paper, and re-read them often during and after the writing process to make sure that you are fulfilling all of the instructions. Please also utilize the assignment guidance and the outlined model provided.

47. PHI 220 Expect Success/uophelp.com For more course tutorials visit www.uophelp.com