HIST 410N Effective Communication - tutorialrank.com

1. HIST 410N Week 1 Case Study Jules Ferry For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com Case Study # 1: Jules Ferry Jules Ferry was Prime Minister of France as that nation launched its imperial expansion. In a debate with member of the French Parliament, Ferry Defends the decision to expand. Read his remarks and respond to the following questions: 1. According to Ferry, what recent developments in world trade have made it urgent for France to have colonies? 2. What arguments against imperialism have been raised by Ferry’s critics? How does he counter them? 3. What non-economic arguments does Ferry offer in favor of imperialism? This 2-3 page assignment is to be submitted to the Week 1 Dropbox, located at the top of this page. For instructions on how to use the Dropbox, read these ************************************************

2. HIST 410N Week 1 Discussion DQ 1 1900 TheAge of Hope and theAge of ‘Isms’ For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com 1900: The Age of Hope and the Age of ‘Isms’ Here’s a statement to consider: “Imperialism has been the most powerful force in world history over the last four or five centuries, carving up whole continents while oppressing indigenous peoples and obliterating entire civilizations.” Defend or condemn the argument by giving examples of the interaction between Western industrial powers and traditional, non Western societies. Were these contacts essentially positive or negative? ************************************************ HIST 410N Week 1 Discussion DQ 2 The First Total War For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com

3. The First Total War World War 1 is said to have been the first ‘total’ war. What does that mean? And what does it mean for people and nations trying to pick up the pieces and resume normal life? ************************************************ HIST 410N Week 2 Case Study Versailles: TheAllies’ “Last Horrible Triumph” For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com Case Study #2: Versailles: The Allies’ “Last Horrible Triumph” This week, you will read the comments of the German Delegation to the Paris Peace Conference on the conditions of the peace which ended World War 1. You will find that document in the webliography. Many have argued that it was the way World War 1 ended which made World War 2 inevitable. Read the document and answer the following questions: 1. According to the authors of Germany’s complaint, how will various provisions of the treaty hurt Germany’s economy?

4. 2. In Germany’s view, how would the country have been treated differently if the principles they attribute to President Wilson had been applied? 3. To what higher “fundamental laws” does the document appeal to in order to strengthen German assertions? 4. Do you agree with the authors of the document that Germany was being poorly treated? What response to their complaints might defenders of the treaty have made? Submit your assignment to the Week 2 Dropbox, located at the top of this page. ************************************************ HIST 410N Week 2 Discussion DQ 1 The Rise of Totalitarianism For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com The Rise of Totalitarianism Compare and contrast the two types of totalitarian governments that arose after 1917, that is, communism and fascism. What were the origins

5. of these governments, their accomplishments, and their failures? What accounts for the fact that the masses mobilized to support these movements? Elaborate. ************************************************ HIST 410N Week 2 Discussion DQ 2 Nationalism and the Treaty of Versailles For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com Nationalism and the Treaty of Versailles What were reasons that led to the ultimate failure of the Treaty of Versailles? What were the challenges facing the newly-formed League of Nations, and why was it so difficult to form a lasting agreement that would prevent another war? Elaborate. ************************************************ HIST 410N Week 3 Case Study The Democarat and the Dictator For more course tutorials visit

6. www.tutorialrank.com HIST 410N Week 3 Case Study The Democarat and the Dictator Franklin Roosevelt and Adolph Hitler both came to power in 1933. They found themselves in charge of nations still suffering from the consequences of World War 1 and the Great Depression. Unemployment in the US was nearly 25%, while nearly one-third of Germany’s workforce had been idled. Americans and Germans had opted for new leadership in 1933 and were now looking to their new leaders for solutions, and perhaps a new vision of the future. Both FDR’s Inaugural address and Hitler’s first address as Chancellor of Germany have been analyzed for their similarities and differences. Now it’s our turn! In 2-3 pages, do the following: 1. Read both speeches and give an assessment of what these two leaders thought was the cause of the problems their countries faced. Provide quotes to support your view. 2. Using quotes from both speeches, tell how each leader intended to deal with: 1. Unemployment 2. Banking, finance and in general, the economy 3. Agriculture

7. 4. Foreign Policy 3. Finally, in a concluding statement, tell where think these leaders find common ground in terms of their proposed solutions, and what you think their vision is with regard to the power of their position. Complete your Case Study in a Word document, approximately 300–400 words in length. Submit your assignment to the Dropbox, located at the top of this page. For instructions on how to use the Dropbox, read these See the Syllabus section “Due Dates for Assignments & Exams” for due date information. ************************************************ HIST 410N Week 3 Discussion DQ 1 Dictatorship and Democracy For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com Dictatorship and Democracy

8. Analyze Adolph Hitler’s rise to power and the policies he used to rule Germany. Textbook tyrant? Overheated Nationalist? Or the right man for at the right time for the right job? ************************************************ HIST 410N Week 3 Discussion DQ 2 World War II and the Holocaust For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com World War II and the Holocaust The following statement was taken from a contemporary account of Germany in 1939: “Though the Fuhrer’s anti-Semitic program furnished the National Socialist party in the first instances with a nucleus and a rallying-cry, it was swept into office by two things with which the “Jewish Problem” did not have the slightest connection. On the one side was economic distress and the revulsion against Versailles: on the other, chicanery and intrigue…Hitler and his party promised the unhappy Germans a new heaven and a new earth, coupled with the persecution of the Jews. Unfortunately a new heaven and earth cannot be manufactured to order. But a persecution of the Jews can…”How do you interpret this

9. contemporary account of the persecution of people who are Jewish? Elaborate. ************************************************ HIST 410N Week 4 Discussion DQ 1 The Cold War: Who Shot First? For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com The Cold War: Who Shot First? The United States accused the Soviet Union of breaking all its wartime pledges and holding Eastern Europe hostage while trying to subvert governments in the west. The Soviet Union accused the US and its allies of trying surround and ultimately destroy it. War of words? Or was somebody telling the truth? And where do our ‘Isms’ fit in? In particular nationalism? ************************************************ HIST 410N Week 4 Discussion DQ 2 Cold War Buzz Words

10. For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com Cold War Buzz Words The Cold War its very own verbiage. The West had more than its share: Cold War, Iron Curtain, Containment, Domino Theory were just a few. What did they mean in this strange new post-war environment? ************************************************ HIST 410N Week 4 Midterm Examination For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com Question : (TCO 1, 2) Analyze how World War 1 changed the economic, social, and political landscapes in the affected nations. Use examples to explain how the war affected men and women, government power, and the economy.

11. Question 2. Question : (TCO 5, 6) Identify and describe the major cultural changes in the Soviet Union from 1917–1932. Give special attention to the New Economic Policy (NEP) of 1921–1928 and the first Five-Year Plan of 1928–1932. Use historical examples to support your answer. How successful were Stalin’s collectivization policies and the first Five-Year Plan by 1932–1933? Question 3. Question : (TCO 5, 11) Describe the rise of fascism in Germany. Indicate the conditions present in Germany that made it possible for Hitler to come to power. Then describe the Nazi persecution of German Jews leading up to WW2. Analyze how the Nazi government translated its hatred of the Jews into policies and practicies that in 1938 had forced over 100,000 Jews to flee. Question 4. Question : (TCO 5, 11) Compare and contrast the empires of Germany and Japan before the outbreak of World War II. Identify and describe the leadership qualities of their respective leaders. Make sure you use enough historical details to support your answer. ************************************************ HIST 410N Week 5 Case Study Winston Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech

12. For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com Case Study: Winston Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech There are many ways to get a feel for the events of the 20th Century. One way is through the analysis of primary source documents. Few documents set the stage for the second half than Winston Churchill’s 1946 speech in Fulton, Missouri. Officially entitled “The Sinews of Peace”, it came to be known as “The Iron Curtain Speech”, in which Churchill laid out the challenges for the West in general, and the US and Britain in particular, regarding what would soon be known as the Cold War. Your assignment this week is to not just read Churchill’s speech, but read between the lines to answer the following questions in a well written 2-3 page document: 1. Churchill believes the Soviet Union “desires the fruits of war and the indefinite expansion of their power and doctrines.” How might those expansionist desires challenge the Western principle of national political self determination, a cause it championed during World War 2? 2. Churchill’s speech acknowledges “Russia’s need to be secure on her western borders,” but at the same time it raises concerns about Soviet actions in Eastern Europe. Is Churchill being inconsistent? Or does he provide concrete justifications for those concerns? 3. In his speech, Churchill asserts “There is nothing they (the Russians) admire so much as strength, and nothing for which they have less respect for than military weakness.” If he isn’t advocating a direct military confrontation with the Soviet Union, then what is he saying?

13. 4. Churchill delivered this speech to an American audience, but after reading it one might conclude it could have been given in any western country. Why did he pick the US? ************************************************ HIST 410N Week 5 Discussion DQ 1Africa and the West For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com Africa and the West What accounts for the rather late emergence of African countries as independent nation-states? Is there something peculiar about Africa that delayed its drive for independence? (Begin with a specific African country, and argue your case.) ************************************************ HIST 410N Week 5 Discussion DQ 2 Israel and the Middle East For more course tutorials visit

14. www.tutorialrank.com Israel and the Middle East Why has the Arab-Israeli conflict been so persistent? What religious and cultural factors have contributed to the persistent state of unrest in the Middle East and, in particular, in what some people refer to as the Holy Land? ************************************************ HIST 410N Week 6 Case Study Ho Chi Minh and Vietnamese Independence For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com The End of the Cold War What impact did Mikhail Gorbachev’s ideas of glasnost (openness), perestroika (restructuring) and demokratizatsiia (democratization) have on Communist society? Were these principles compatible with ************************************************ HIST 410N Week 6 Discussion DQ 1 The End of the Cold War

15. For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com The End of the Cold War What impact did Mikhail Gorbachev’s ideas of glasnost (openness), perestroika (restructuring) and demokratizatsiia (democratization) have on Communist society? Were these principles compatible with collectivization and a command economy? Did Communist leaders favor these principles or did they feel that their hand were tied once they were introduced into Communist society? ************************************************ HIST 410N Week 6 Discussion DQ 2 The not so Cold War For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com The not so Cold War

16. It would be easy to dismiss the Cold War simply as proof that Capitalism was a better theory than Communism. Easy, but not the whole story. In order for Communism to be relegated to the dustbin of history, it first had to be proven that its struggle against Capitalism unecessary and thus irrelevant. How do the US and the USSR close the gap in the last quarter of the 20th Century to allow Communism to go out with a whimper and not a bang? ************************************************ HIST 410N Week 7 Case Study Mikhail Gorbachev’s 1988 UN Speech For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com Case Study: Mikhail Gorbachev’s 1988 UN Speech If the pace of improving US-Soviet relations seemed rapid, Mikhail Gorbachev’s speech to the United Nations General Assembly would shift the process into overdrive. In this remarkable oration, which you can find by clicking on the link below,Gorbachev emphatically declared that all nations must have the freedom to choose their own destiny, that ideology had no place in foreign affairs, and that great powers should renounce the use of force in international relations. Review his speech and answer in essay form the following questions:

17. 1. Why did Gorbachev choose the United Nations as his forum for this speech? 2. What did Gorbachev mean by “de-ideologizing relations among states? What implications did this have for superpower relations? 3. Why did he say that “force no longer can…be an instrument of foreign policy”? What implications did this have for the Soviet bloc? 4. What did he foresee as the future role of the superpowers in the world and the future relationship between them? ************************************************ HIST 410N Week 7 Discussion DQ 1 Cold War Nostalgia For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com Cold War Nostalgia In the years after the Cold War and the collapse of the bipolar order, the world has undergone significant changes. Chief among those changes has been a perceived deterioration of world stability, not only in terms of economics but also in terms of security. What indicators could lead one to conclude that in the years following the collapse of the Communist world, things have gotten more dangerous?

18. ************************************************ HIST 410N Week 7 Discussion DQ 2 Brave New World For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com Brave New World So…the Cold War is over. Time to do a victory lap and celebrate the primacy of American power. But the celebration seemed short-lived, as there were plenty of other concerns. Nothing is as it should be. Our adversaries are now our allies, and our allies are now competitors. The end of the Cold War knocked down the Iron Curtain, but it also destroyed conventional economic patterns. Is the end of the Cold War proving to be good for world peace, but not so good for world business? ************************************************ HIST 410N Week 7 Final Exam For more course tutorials visit www.tutorialrank.com

19. Question 1.1. (TCO 6) The 1914 assassination of the heir to the Austro- Hungarian throne was a factor in causing World War I. What else might be considered factors? (Points : 4) British and German competition for the largest global empire The arms race to create weapons to defend empires The power of nationalism, which suggested that one’s nation is superior to others All of the above Question 2.2. (TCO 6) The United States entered World War I because it (Points : 4) had to honor alliance commitments. desired to acquire territory, especially colonies. was hostile to German submarine warfare and German militarism. was interested in building up its military establishment. Question 3.3. (TCO 5) Nicholas II of Russia abdicated the throne following (Points : 4) the Bolshevik takeover.

20. the return of Lenin to Russia. the failure of his troops to put down demonstrations in Petrograd. Both A and B Question 4.4. (TCO 5) What event marked the beginning of World War II? (Points : 4) The Nazi-Soviet Pact The German invasion of Poland The Anschluss Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland Question 5.5. (TCO 9) The Cold War got hot, or flared up into actual fighting, in (Points : 4) Korea Hungary China Italy

21. Question 6.6. (TCO 9) During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the United States and the Soviet Union were led by (Points : 4) Reagan and Gorbachev. Reagan and Khrushchev. Kennedy and Castro. Kennedy and Khrushchev. Question 7.7. (TCO 8) What was the intention of the Marshall Plan? (Points : 4) To rebuild the military power of western Europe To help the Japanese economy recover from the war To rebuild the economies of war-shattered Europe To prevent the spread of Communism into Africa and Asia Question 8.8. (TCO 6) Why did India become two countries after independence in 1947? (Points : 4) Mohandas Gandhi insisted on two nations. The British government did not want a country dominated by Islam. Hindu leaders feared discrimination in a Muslim-majority India.

22. Muslim leaders feared discrimination in a Hindu-majority India. Question 9.9. (TCO 2) Gamal Nasser was (Points : 4) a pan-Arabist, secular, national leader. an advocate of fundamentalist Islam. a Turkish leader. a loyal ally of the United States. Question 10.10. (TCO 2) This noted Israeli prime minister was the first female prime minister of her country. (Points : 4) Golda Meir Margaret Thatcher Indira Gandhi None of the above Question 11.11. (TCO 4) One problem that arose in East Germany after reunification was (Points : 4) the presence of U.S. troops.

23. lack of support for the EU. a lack of national pride. high unemployment. Question 12.12. (TCO 4) The only Eastern European country that had widespread bloodshed in 1989 was (Points : 4) Romania Czechoslovakia Bulgaria Poland Question 13.13. (TCO 7) In the last part of the twentieth century, traditional religious values have (Points : 4) increased in much of the Islamic and Christian worlds. disappeared everywhere. stayed the same everywhere. decreased in the West and Middle East. Page 2 Question 1.1. (TCO 10) Match the terms in Column I with the descriptions in Column II.

24. (Points : 18) Potential Matches: 1 : former dictator of Cuba 2 : onetime leader of Israel 3 : populist president of Argentina during the 1940s and 1950s 4 : onetime leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization 5 : black civil rights leader during the 1960s Answers 5 : Martin Luther King 4 : Yasser Arafat 2 : Golda Meir 1 : Fidel Castro 3 : Juan Peron Question 2.2. (TCO 3) Match the terms in Column I with the descriptions in Column II. (Points : 18) Potential Matches: 1 : policy of Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev authorizing Soviet intervention in socialist states to maintain communist rule 2 : Cold War collective security treaty linking the United States and Western Europe

25. 3 : a global economic organization designed to encourage the influence of market forces on world trade and production. 4 : the precursor to the European Union, a postwar system of economic integration among western European states 5 : an ongoing process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated Answers 5 : Globalization 1 : NATO 4 : European Economic Community 2 : Brezhnev Doctrine 3 : World Trade Organization 1. (TCO 1, 2) Identify and analyze two causes of World War I. Use historical examples to support your answer. Of the various causes of World War I, which do you think was the most important and why? (Points : 20) Spellchecker Certainly, the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and his wife is considered the catalyst for the start of WWI, as the sides were drawn as to who was on the 'good' side and who was on the 'bad' side. This assassination brought other items into play that historians list as the main cause of the war. These included alliances, nationalism, militarism and

26. imperialism. This embroiled all of Europe as the US stayed out of it. Probably the most important cause of world war-1 was a division of Europe into two alliance. Triple alliance had Germany and Austria- Hungry. On another side, Triple Entente had Britain, France, Russia. World war was fought between central powers (Germany, Austria- Hungry, Ottoman empire and Bulgaria) and Allied power: Itlay, Britain, France, Russia and USA. All so called developed countries were divided into the two groups and it coupled with imperialistic leanings led to world war-1. Additional reasons for the War: For the US, the sinking of the Lusitania was our flash point, when we knew we could no longer stand idly by. Rivalry for colonies: European countries were trying to capture the colonies in Africa, Asia and the pacific. It automatically led to confrontations among these advanced countries. Loss of Alsace-Lorraine by France to Germany Question 2. 2. (TCO 5, 11) Analyze how the stipulations of the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I, along with the Great Depression of the 1930s, contributed to the outbreak of World War II. Then analyze significant ways in which World War II changed the world. Make sure you use enough historical details to support your answer. (Points : 20)

27. Spellchecker The Treaty of Versailles was established to prevent further war by putting the total blame on Germany for World War I and expecting them to repair the damages. This treaty “represented the attempt of the victorious powers to regulate the new international order that had emerged in Europe as a result of the outcome of World War ”, (Keleher, E., Gould, L., 2015). The Treaty of Versailles was an unfair treaty which Germany was forced to sign. This treaty which was supposed to establish long time peace was a failure because Germany was made to accept the cost of the war and was being forced to “repay” up to 35 million dollars to France and the British. When they refused to do this the United States stepped in and helped France and Britain. Germany’s territory was taken away and it’s military troops were limited in size. Germany was very upset. Since the allies were blaming Germany they laid the “war guilt” upon them too. Along with leading to the rise of the Nazis, the Treaty of Versailles had quite different results on France's and Britain's relations with Germany and each other. Since they shared a long land border with Germany and had suffered a great deal in the war, the French were much more nervous about a restless Germany and wanted to keep its power limited. Therefore, in 1935, when Hitler announced that Germany would rearm (they had already been doing so secretly for two years), France signed a series of defensive pacts with Germany's neighbors to contain any future aggression by Hitler. Among these pacts was one with the Soviet Union, which France saw as the primary counterweight to German power.

28. The Great Depression affected Europe and the United States, as well as many other countries. It literally decimated the economies of Europe and the United States. In the United States and in western Europe, the pre-occupation with the domestic economic crisis contributed to the political failure to meet the rising threat of fascism. It caused countries to look at other alternatives. Germany was feeling lost, with many of their valuable assets having been taken from them. This was fertile ground for the emergence of the Nazis to rise to power in Germany, and a military clique to take over in Japan. This set up the atmosphere for someone to rise as a leader, which is exactly what Hitler did. Hilter, in turn, scrapped the Treaty of Versailles. The British try to make a deal with Germany via Hitler, to cooperate. But Hitler breaks his promise and begins World War II. Brower, D. R. & Sanders. T. (2014) The World of the Twentieth Century (7th ed) Keleher, E., Gould, L., (2015), Treaty of Versailles, Salem Press Encyclopedia. Question 3. 3. (TCOs 9, 10) Identify and analyze the main events of the Korean War and Cuban Missile Crisis. Then assess how these events affected the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union. Make sure you use enough details to support your answer. (Points : 36) Spellchecker

29. After World War I the Soviet Union felt they were desperately behind the United States in the arms race. After they were defeated at the Bay of Pigs in 1961, Castro was anticipating a second attack from the US so he teamed with the Soviet Union to defend his island nation. So the Soviets teamed up with the Cuban Government and built a military base in Cubs. Since Cuba was within intermediate range for ballistic nuclear missiles this made sense. The United States gained knowledge of the missile base being constructed in Cuba during a routine spy-plane surveillance. President Kennedy immediately organized the EX-COMM team which was made of twelve of his most important advisers. After seven days of debating what action to take, they performed a military quarantine, poised and ready to attack if needed. They surrounded Cuba by air and sea, not allowing anyone or anything to go in or out. On October 22, Kennedy announced to the public the existence of the missile installations in Cuba, and their decision to quarantine. He also announced that any missile launched from Cuba would be viewed as an attack on the Soviet Union and the United States. On October 26th, the EX-COMM received a letter from Khrushchev announcing all missiles would be removed from Cuba if the US would guarantee not to invade Cuba. The US debated their reply. Only one day later, on October 27, an American U-2 plane was shot down over Cuba. A second letter was received from Khrushchev, demanding the US to remove all of its missiles from Turkey in exchange for the removal of their missiles in Cuba. This was the closest moment to when the Cold War almost turned into a nuclear war.

30. By the 28th, tension eased as Cuba announced they would dismantle all missile installations in Cuba. Fortunately for all sides, the Soviet Union agreed to this and did remove all missiles. The Cuban Missile Crisis in October of 1962 brought the United States and the Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear war. Reconnaissance photos taken on October 15th showed missile bases being built by the Soviets in Cuba, 90 miles away from the coast of the United States. This means there were nuclear plants being built in Cuba by the Soviets. So it’s easy to see how this was staging another war had it not been prevented. The Korean War was important in the development of the Cold War, as it showed that the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, could fight a "limited war" in a third country. An example of this is the Vietnam War. The Korean War was the first war in which the United Nations (UN) participated. It has been argued that it showed that the UN was a powerful organization for helping to keep world peace. In the US, it changed the structure of the American growth as a result of its financing. The Korean War boosted GDP growth through government spending, which in turn constrained investment and consumption, while taxes were raised significantly to finance the war. The Korean War erupted on June 25, 1950, in the middle of the Cold War, an international struggle between the US and the USSR for world domination of their competing ideologies, Democracy/Capitalism versus Communism. While the Soviet Union was never directly involved in the fighting, it did supply North Korea military with weapons and supplies. On the other hand, the United States did commit its own troops as part of a UN international peacekeeping force. In reality, the UN force was in name only as the troops were made up of mostly American forces, with

31. some American allies. It was decided during the Korean War that the UN could be used by the US as a foreign policy tool. (SparkNotes. n.d.). SparkNotes Editors. (n.d.). SparkNote on The Korean War (1950-1953). Retrieved April 20, 2017, from http://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/koreanwar/ Question 4. 4. (TCOs 4, 8) Analyze how the reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev led to the breakup of the Soviet Union. Point out what events led to the ascendency of Gorbachev to party leadership, and then identify and analyze Gorbachev's reforms. Use specific details to support your answer. Then evaluate the relative success of democracy and capitalism in Russia after the end of the Cold War. (Points : 36) Spellchecker Gorbachev arrived in Moscow in 1978. He soon became the overseer of Soviet agriculture. The agriculture industry was suffering from farming issues. Although this was true, Gorbachev had many friends in the Kremlin that helped him gain the momentum he needed to climb to the pinnacle of power. He became the general secretary of the Communist Party within 7 years. He showed he was a dynamic and charismatic leader and already had a plan for economic and political reform. The Soviet economy was in trouble. They had been spending up to 35% on the military. They were becoming bankrupt.

32. Then Gorbachev introduced the policy of Glasnost and Perestroika (Openness and Re-Structuring), in hopes of rebuilding the communist system. This policy would release the reigns of all satellite countries to give them freedom to self-govern. He then reduced the military leaned toward a more capitalist type system to try to stimulate growth and development. He advocated Glasnost, allowing the people of all ages to voice their concerns. But the people criticized it and asked for another system to replace communism. They felt they had been promised a “worker’s paradise”. But wages were stagnant, their housing was poor, cars were few, and they could see the “good lifestyles” on West TV-especially during the uncensored Olympics. The Soviet Youth were tired of being told what they could and could not see in terms of films, what they could wear, or what type of music they were allowed to listen to. However, Glasnost’ allowed them to speak out against the regime; enabled them to listen to their own kind of music. In the Republic, the people were also tired of being told what to do; they wanted to govern themselves. They wanted more autonomy within the Soviet framework. Because of Glasnost’ they were able to criticize and soon began to organize. Soon they began protesting, demanding independence. Then with the collapse of the union they got it. Soon there was the failed coup of August 1991. This is when communist hard-liners tried to remove Gorbachev from office. They replaced it with more Stalinist system. It was within two months of this coup that the Soviet Union was no more. After the war, the “party-state elite” no longer believed in communism. They saw capitalism as the chance to gain the wealth that they saw the Western people earn. This elite abandoned any pretense of communism from about 1989 onward. They set up businesses, banks and took ownership of the

33. enterprises where they worked. Capitalism was a new world for them and finally the people were at peace. Question 1.1. (TCO 6) The 1914 assassination of the heir to the Austro- Hungarian throne was a factor in causing World War I. What else might be considered factors? (Points : 4) British and German competition for the largest global empire The arms race to create weapons to defend empires The power of nationalism, which suggested that one’s nation is superior to others All of the above Question 2.2. (TCO 6) The United States entered World War I because it (Points : 4) had to honor alliance commitments. desired to acquire territory, especially colonies. was hostile to German submarine warfare and German militarism.

34. was interested in building up its military establishment. Question 3.3. (TCO 5) Nicholas II of Russia abdicated the throne following (Points : 4) the Bolshevik takeover. the return of Lenin to Russia. the failure of his troops to put down demonstrations in Petrograd. Both A and B Question 4.4. (TCO 5) What event marked the beginning of World War II? (Points : 4) The Nazi-Soviet Pact The German invasion of Poland The Anschluss Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland Question 5.5. (TCO 9) The Cold War got hot, or flared up into actual fighting, in (Points : 4) Korea

35. Hungary China Italy Question 6.6. (TCO 9) During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the United States and the Soviet Union were led by (Points : 4) Reagan and Gorbachev. Reagan and Khrushchev. Kennedy and Castro. Kennedy and Khrushchev. Question 7.7. (TCO 8) What was the intention of the Marshall Plan? (Points : 4) To rebuild the military power of western Europe To help the Japanese economy recover from the war To rebuild the economies of war-shattered Europe To prevent the spread of Communism into Africa and Asia

36. Question 8.8. (TCO 6) Why did India become two countries after independence in 1947? (Points : 4) Mohandas Gandhi insisted on two nations. The British government did not want a country dominated by Islam. Hindu leaders feared discrimination in a Muslim-majority India. Muslim leaders feared discrimination in a Hindu-majority India. Question 9.9. (TCO 2) Gamal Nasser was (Points : 4) a pan-Arabist, secular, national leader. an advocate of fundamentalist Islam. a Turkish leader. a loyal ally of the United States. Question 10.10. (TCO 2) This noted Israeli prime minister was the first female prime minister of her country. (Points : 4) Golda Meir Margaret Thatcher Indira Gandhi None of the above

37. Question 11.11. (TCO 4) One problem that arose in East Germany after reunification was (Points : 4) the presence of U.S. troops. lack of support for the EU. a lack of national pride. high unemployment. Question 12.12. (TCO 4) The only Eastern European country that had widespread bloodshed in 1989 was (Points : 4) Romania Czechoslovakia Bulgaria Poland Question 13.13. (TCO 7) In the last part of the twentieth century, traditional religious values have (Points : 4) increased in much of the Islamic and Christian worlds. disappeared everywhere.

38. stayed the same everywhere. decreased in the West and Middle East. ************************************************